Unit 10 Evolution

Question 0

what are the eras in order?

Answer 0

Precambrian, Paleozoic, Mesozoic, Cenozoic

Question 1

what is microevolution?

Answer 1

evolution on a small scale, you can’t see it on the fossil record

Question 2

what is the geologic time scale?

Answer 2

a visual representation of the fossil record

Question 3

what are the four major eras divided by?

Answer 3

mass extinctions & explosive radiations of life as a result of major environmental changes

Question 4

What are the major events and organisms of the Precambrian?

Answer 4

3.5 bus prokaryotes & 1.8 bya first eukaryotes, ends with the first appearance of complex, multicellular organisms

Question 5

What are the major events and organisms of the Paleozoic?

Answer 5

begins w/ explosion of diversity, complex multicellular organisms such as fish, ended w/ formation of Pangea, worst mass extinction in fossil record

Question 6

what did Pangea cause?

Answer 6

climate change

Question 7

What are the major events and organisms of the Mesozoic?

Answer 7

Begins w/ explosive radiation of organisms that evolve to occupy vacant habitats (amphibians, reptiles, dinosaurs)
ends w/ meteor impact causing mass extinction (caused cooler weather)

Question 8

What are the major events and organisms of the Cenozoic?

Answer 8

begins w/ explosive radiation of organisms that evolve to occupy vacant habitats (mammals, birds, primates, humans)

Question 9

how many mass extinctions have their been?

Answer 9

5

Question 10

what is evolution?

Answer 10

a change in population over time, it is a theory

Question 11

what is a theory?

Answer 11

it is not a guess or hypothesis, but an explanation

Question 12

what are the two scientists that came up w/ the theory of evolution?

Answer 12

Charles Darwin & Alfred Russel Wallace

Question 13

what is natural selection?

Answer 13

when organisms w/ a favorable variation survive, reproduce & pass it on to the next generation

Question 14

where did Darwin start thinking about evolution?

Answer 14

Galápagos Islands

Question 15

what is mimicry?

Answer 15

organisms have adaptations that enable them to look like other species

Question 16

what are the five pieces of evidence that support evolution?

Answer 16

adaptations, physiological adaptations, structural evidence, fossils, & embryology & biochemistry

Question 17

what is a physiological adaptation?

Answer 17

a change in appearance due to natural selection

Question 18

what are homologous structures?

Answer 18

organisms have structures similar in structure and function, showing a common ancestor

Question 19

what are vestigial structures?

Answer 19

structures that have no function in modern organisms, but were useful to ancestors

Question 20

what are analogous structures?

Answer 20

similar structures for similar functions, but not inherited from a common ancestor

Question 21

how can you use biochemistry to prove evolution ?

Answer 21

comparison of DNA & RNA of species help determine evolutionary relationships

Question 22

where do variations originally come from?

Answer 22

mutations

Question 23

what is a population?

Answer 23

all of the members of a species that live in an area

Question 24

what is a gene pool?

Answer 24

all of the alleles of a populations genes

Question 25

what is allele frequency?

Answer 25

the % of any allele in the gene pool

Question 26

what is genetic equilibrium?

Answer 26

occurs in a population when the frequency of alleles remains the same over many generations

Question 27

what are five things that cause populations to evolve?

Answer 27

mutations, genetic drift, migration, mate selection, natural selection

Question 28

what is genetic drift?

Answer 28

alteration of allele frequencies by chance events, affects small populations more than large ones

Question 29

what if the founder effect?

Answer 29

when only a few individuals settle a new population, results in future populations having little variation and more susceptible to genetic drift

Question 30

what is the bottleneck event?

Answer 30

event that causes the majority of individuals of a population to die off, leaving only a few individuals. results in future generations having little variation and more susceptible to genetic drift (or extinction)

Question 31

what is gene flow?

Answer 31

the introduction and loss of alleles and genes from a population bc of migration

Question 32

what is the most significant factor that causes changes in gene pools and populations this the evolution of species?

Answer 32

natural selection

Question 33

what is a species?

Answer 33

a group of organisms that look alike and can interbreed to produce healthy, fertile offspring

Question 34

what is speciation?

Answer 34

the evolution of new species

Question 35

when does speciation occur?

Answer 35

when members of similar populations can no longer interbreed to produce healthy fertile offspring

Question 36

what are prezygotic barriers?

Answer 36

barriers to reproduction that occur prior to fertilization

Question 37

what are ex of prezygotic barriers?

Answer 37

geographic isolation, reproductive patterns, and behavior

Question 38

what are reproductive patterns?

Answer 38

mating occurs at different times during the year

Question 39

what is allopathic speciation?

Answer 39

a new barrier forms and divides a previously reproducing population

Question 40

what is sympathetic speciation?

Answer 40

a subset of a population gets isolated from the original population, but not geographically separated(same place)

Question 41

what are post zygotic barriers?

Answer 41

barriers to reproduction that occur after fertilization

Question 42

what are ex of post zygotic barriers?

Answer 42

genetic material, reproductive isolation

Question 43

what is reproductive isolation?

Answer 43

when formerly interbreeding organisms can no longer interbreed to produce fertile offspring

Question 44

what is polyploidy?

Answer 44

a change in chromosome number