Unit 5: Body Systems, The Circulatory System

Question 1

3 types of circulation

Answer 1

1. cardiac Circulation:heart
2. Pulmonary Circulation: between the heart and the lungs
3. Systemic Circulation: between the heart and body

Question 2

What does blood do?

Answer 2

-transports
-carries o2 to muscles for cellular respiration
-carries nutrients to cells
-carries hormones to cells
-carries c02 away from muscles

Question 3

How does blood move

Answer 3

Through blood vessels
Arteries->Arterioles->Capillaries->Venules->Veins

Question 4

Arteries

Answer 4

Carry blood away from the heart
-made of layers of muscle and connective tissue, highly elastic to compensate for blood pressure
-pass blood into smaller arterioles
-pulmonary arteries have deoxygenated blood

Question 5

Vasoconstriction

Answer 5

Contraction of arteries

Question 6

Vasodilation

Answer 6

Relaxation of arteries

Question 7

Veins

Answer 7

Carry blood towards the heart
-pulmonary veins carry oxygenated blood
-not elastic but have a large diameter, one-way valves
-smaller venules pass the blood from the capillaries to the veins

Question 8

Arteries and veins are…

Answer 8

Mirrors of each other

Question 9

Capillaries

Answer 9

net around tissues bones, etc
Exchange site
O2 exchanged from co2 from the tissues
Water soluble ions and vitamins exchanged for waste products from the tissues
One cell layer thick

Question 10

The heart

Answer 10

Job is to pump blood
Made of cardiac muscle tissue
Contracts rhythmically to ensure circulation

Question 11

Two nodes that cause contraction

Answer 11

Sinoartrial node ( the pacemaker node) Causes the right and left atria to contract simultaneously. Then sends a signal to the av node
Artioventricularnode (Av node) causes the r and l ventricles to contract simultaneously

Question 12

Blood made of

Answer 12

1 plasma
Liquid portion of blood, nutrients
2 erythrocytes
Carry oxygen, appear red when oxygen is bonded, blue when carbon dioxide is bonded, boho cave gives them flexibility
3 leukocytes
White blood cells, role in immune system
4 platelets
Responsible for blood clotting

Question 13

5 types of white blood cells

Answer 13

1 macrophages (engulf foreign matter)
2 lymphocytes launch attacks on invaders
3 neutrophils defend against s bacterial and fungal infections
4 eosinophils defend against parasites
5 basophils allergic reactions

Question 14

Atherosclerosis

Answer 14

Buildup of plaque cause artery walls to become thicker and lose elasticity. This will reduce the amount of blood to reach vital organs. Leads to agina (chest pain).