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Grade 11 Biology > Unit 1:Biodiversity > Flashcards

Unit 1:Biodiversity Flashcards

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1
Q

The importance of biodiversity

A

It allows systems to adapt to changing conditions using reproduction
It is the gauge of the health of an ecosystem
It maintains a viable ecosystem and contributes to human society (Ex.medicine and agriculture)

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2
Q

Genetic biodiversity

A

Sum of all genes present in a species
Role:
It ensures the survival of a species by allowing evolutionary changes to be made to a species using reproduction. This helps them adapt to changes in their environment. This can happen when animals with superior traits reproduce together

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3
Q

Taxonomy

A

Naming, classifying, identifying species

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4
Q

What causes difference in our dna?

A

SNPs single nucleotide polymorphisms

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5
Q

Why is biodiversity necessary

A

-Adaptation
-Each role in the ecosystem depends on the roles of other species

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6
Q

Prokaryotic Cells

A

-Cells that don’t have a true nucleus,
-make up simple called organisms
-DNA is found in a nucleoid
Ex. Bacteria

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7
Q

Eukaryotic cells

A
  • have a true nucleus
    -make up single or multi cellular organisms
    -organelles have specialized functions
    -Ex. Human, animal, plant, fungi
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8
Q

Nucleus

A

Controls cell activties

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9
Q

Mitochondria

A

Produces usable energy for the cell (respiration).

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10
Q

Cytoplasm

A

Jelly that hold organelles

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11
Q

Membrane

A

Provides support for the cell, allows waste and nutrients in and out

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12
Q

Genetic diversity

A

All genes present in a species. Ensures the survival of a species by having some of the species to have beneficial traits.

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13
Q

Ecosystem diversity

A

Diverse range of habitats amend relationships between habitats.

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14
Q

Abiotic

A

Non living

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15
Q

Eukarya domain

A

Kingdoms: plantae, Animalia and fungi
Includes eukaryotic organisms

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16
Q

Anaerobic

A

No oxygen to breathe

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17
Q

Aerobic

A

Need o2

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18
Q

Bacteria

A

Includes prokaryotic cells
-posses a cell membrane, wall made of peptidoglycan
Kingdoms:eubacteria

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19
Q

Archaea

A

Includes prokaryotic cells
-has a cell wall but no peptidoglycan
-lives in extreme conditions
Kingdoms: archaebacteria

20
Q

Viruses

A

Made of nucleic acid surrounded by a capsid (protein coat) which protects the na from being degraded by enzymes
Types
-polyhedron
-cylindrical
-spherical
-phages

21
Q

Retroviruses

A

Viruses that have RNA instead of DNA. They use an enzyme called reverse transcriptase to convert rna to dna to be part of the hosts genome.

22
Q

purple is

A

Graham positive

23
Q

PINK IS

A

Graham negative

24
Q

Cocci

A

Round bacteria

25
Q

Diplococci

A

Pair of cocci

26
Q

Staphylococci

A

Clump of Cocci

27
Q

Streptococci

A

Chain of cocci

28
Q

Bacilli

A

Rod

29
Q

Bacillis

A

Singular

30
Q

Diplobacilli

A

Pair of rods

31
Q

Coco bacilli

A

Hybrid of cocci and bacilli

32
Q

Spirochetes

A

Spiral

33
Q

Sparila

A

Corkscrew

34
Q

Vibrio

A

Long bent rod

35
Q

Colonies

A

Visible growths of millions of bacteria

36
Q

How to classify bacteria

A
  1. arrangements
  2. graham+vs negative
  3. Respiration
    4.Nutrition
37
Q

Transformation of bacteria

A

When bacteria picks up DNA from dead bacteria

38
Q

Conjugation of Bacteria

A

When live bacteria exchange genetic material

39
Q

Methanogenesis

A

Methane is a greenhouse gas. Archaea live in the digestive tract of livestock. Flatulence is a source of methane emissions

40
Q

Staphlo

A

Prefix for clumps

41
Q

Binary Fission

A

Bacterial reproduction
Steps:
1.Attatchment
2.Dna replication
3.Elongation and cytokinesis (separation)
4. 2 identical daughter cells

42
Q

Bacteria nutrition

A
  1. heterotroph-> Eats other organisms
  2. Photoautoroph-> Uses photosynthesis
    3.Photoheterotroph-> Combo of 1 & 2
  3. Chemohetertroph-> Uses energy released through chem reactions
43
Q

What are gametophyte and sporophyte stages of the plant life cycle?

A

gametophyte -producing sex cells called gametes (n- haploid DNA)
sporophyte - not producing sex cells (2n - diploid DNA)

44
Q

What are the major groups of plants?

A

mosses - gametophytes - male and female plant that produces haploid sex cells mostly
ferns
gymnosperms
angiosperms
All sporophyte

45
Q

Lysogenic Cycle

A

Viral reproduction
1.Phage attaches
2. Dna circularizes
3. Dna integrates with bacteria dna becoming a prophage
4.Lysogenic bacteria reproduces
5.Sometimes prophage will excise from bacterial dna making a lytic cycle

Grade 11 Biology (7 decks)

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