Unit 1:Biodiversity Flashcards
The importance of biodiversity
It allows systems to adapt to changing conditions using reproduction
It is the gauge of the health of an ecosystem
It maintains a viable ecosystem and contributes to human society (Ex.medicine and agriculture)
Genetic biodiversity
Sum of all genes present in a species
Role:
It ensures the survival of a species by allowing evolutionary changes to be made to a species using reproduction. This helps them adapt to changes in their environment. This can happen when animals with superior traits reproduce together
Taxonomy
Naming, classifying, identifying species
What causes difference in our dna?
SNPs single nucleotide polymorphisms
Why is biodiversity necessary
-Adaptation
-Each role in the ecosystem depends on the roles of other species
Prokaryotic Cells
-Cells that don’t have a true nucleus,
-make up simple called organisms
-DNA is found in a nucleoid
Ex. Bacteria
Eukaryotic cells
- have a true nucleus
-make up single or multi cellular organisms
-organelles have specialized functions
-Ex. Human, animal, plant, fungi
Nucleus
Controls cell activties
Mitochondria
Produces usable energy for the cell (respiration).
Cytoplasm
Jelly that hold organelles
Membrane
Provides support for the cell, allows waste and nutrients in and out
Genetic diversity
All genes present in a species. Ensures the survival of a species by having some of the species to have beneficial traits.
Ecosystem diversity
Diverse range of habitats amend relationships between habitats.
Abiotic
Non living
Eukarya domain
Kingdoms: plantae, Animalia and fungi
Includes eukaryotic organisms
Anaerobic
No oxygen to breathe
Aerobic
Need o2
Bacteria
Includes prokaryotic cells
-posses a cell membrane, wall made of peptidoglycan
Kingdoms:eubacteria
Archaea
Includes prokaryotic cells
-has a cell wall but no peptidoglycan
-lives in extreme conditions
Kingdoms: archaebacteria
Viruses
Made of nucleic acid surrounded by a capsid (protein coat) which protects the na from being degraded by enzymes
Types
-polyhedron
-cylindrical
-spherical
-phages
Retroviruses
Viruses that have RNA instead of DNA. They use an enzyme called reverse transcriptase to convert rna to dna to be part of the hosts genome.
purple is
Graham positive
PINK IS
Graham negative
Cocci
Round bacteria
Diplococci
Pair of cocci
Staphylococci
Clump of Cocci
Streptococci
Chain of cocci
Bacilli
Rod
Bacillis
Singular
Diplobacilli
Pair of rods
Coco bacilli
Hybrid of cocci and bacilli
Spirochetes
Spiral
Sparila
Corkscrew
Vibrio
Long bent rod
Colonies
Visible growths of millions of bacteria
How to classify bacteria
- arrangements
- graham+vs negative
- Respiration
4.Nutrition
Transformation of bacteria
When bacteria picks up DNA from dead bacteria
Conjugation of Bacteria
When live bacteria exchange genetic material
Methanogenesis
Methane is a greenhouse gas. Archaea live in the digestive tract of livestock. Flatulence is a source of methane emissions
Staphlo
Prefix for clumps
Binary Fission
Bacterial reproduction
Steps:
1.Attatchment
2.Dna replication
3.Elongation and cytokinesis (separation)
4. 2 identical daughter cells
Bacteria nutrition
- heterotroph-> Eats other organisms
- Photoautoroph-> Uses photosynthesis
3.Photoheterotroph-> Combo of 1 & 2 - Chemohetertroph-> Uses energy released through chem reactions
What are gametophyte and sporophyte stages of the plant life cycle?
gametophyte -producing sex cells called gametes (n- haploid DNA)
sporophyte - not producing sex cells (2n - diploid DNA)
What are the major groups of plants?
mosses - gametophytes - male and female plant that produces haploid sex cells mostly
ferns
gymnosperms
angiosperms
All sporophyte
Lysogenic Cycle
Viral reproduction
1.Phage attaches
2. Dna circularizes
3. Dna integrates with bacteria dna becoming a prophage
4.Lysogenic bacteria reproduces
5.Sometimes prophage will excise from bacterial dna making a lytic cycle
