Unit 4: Body Systems, The Respiratory System Flashcards
Aerobic
require oxygen and give off carbon dioxide
Respiratory surface
A site where one gas is exchanged for another gas
They must have a large surface area to volume ratio
Must be moist
Types of gas exchange: simple diffusion
simple organisms will create large amount due to cellular respiration
Co2 will diffuse outside and o2 will diffuse inside the organism
Diffusion
Moving from an area of high concentration to low concentration
Types of gas exchange: Specialized Respiratory Systems
For organisms that are too large to satisfy oxygen requirements by diffusion
1.skin respiration
2.gills
3. Tracheal system
4. Lungs
Specialized respiratory systems: Skin respiration
Must live in moist environments to keep skin wet contain a network of capillaries under the skin which do gas exchange throughout the body
Specialized respiratory systems: Gills
-Must live in water and contain gills which are feathery structures that increase surface area
- Must move around to get a necessary supply of o2
-as water moves over the gills o2 diffuses in and co2 diffuse out (counter current system)
What does a counter current exchange do
A counter current exchange maintains a favourable concentration gradient so oxygen can continually flow in and co2 flows out
Specialized respiratory systems:tracheal system
Network of small tubes that carries oxygen to they entire body
-respiratory system is independent of its circulatory system
-this makes the blood not play a direct role in oxygen transport
Specialized respiratory systems: Lungs
-reptiles and mammals can have 1 or 2 lungs
-must bring o2 in and out
-connected to the circulatory system
-subdivided internally for more surface area to support the elevated metabolic rate of mammals
External respiration
The exchange of gasses with the external environment, and occurs in the alveoli of the lungs
Internal respiration
The exchange of gasses with the internal environment and occurs in the blood and tissues
What happens during inhalation
- Diaphragm contracts
- Pressure inside lungs decreases
- Air flows in
What happens during exhalation
1.Diaphragm relaxes
2. Pressure in lungs increases
3. Air flows out
Respiration in the nose and mouth
Air enters the respiratory system through the nasal cavity or mouth
Features:
Cilia line the nasal cavities and clear foreign particles
The nasal cavity and mouth are nasal lined to warm and moisten while entering the respiratory system
Mucus traps foreign particles and keeps the cells lining the trachea moistened
Steps of respiration: trachea
Air enters the trachea (the channel between the mouth and the bronchi)
-mucus producing cells: line the trachea and are ciliated
-mucus traps only foreign debris
-cilia sweep debris back to the pharynx
-the trachea is supported by cartilage rings which keep the trachea open
Steps of respiration: bronchi and bronchioles
Inhaled air moves from the trachea into the bronchi (channels that lead to the left and right lungs)
-bronchi are also supported by cartilage rings
From the bronchi, air moves to smaller channels called bronchioles
-bronchioles do not have cartilage rings
-smooth muscles in the walls of bronchioles contract and relax to decrease and increase the bronchiole diameter
Cause of wheezing
Decrease in the diameter of the bronchioles and it creates resistance
Steps of respiration: alveolus
Air moves into tiny sacs called alveoli
-1 cell layer in thickness to permit rapid gas exchange with capillaries
-provide more surface area for gas exchange
Inspiratory RV
Extra air forced in to lungs beyond normal inhalation
Tidal volume
Air inhaled in a normal breath
Expiratory RV
Extra air forced out of lungs beyond normal exhalation
Total lung capacity
Volumes of air that can be pushed in or out of the lungs
Vital capacity
Total volume of gasses that can be pushed in or out of the lungs
Residual volume
Oxygen that is always in your lungs to prevent a collapsed lung
