Unit 4: Body Systems, The Respiratory System

Question 1

Aerobic

Answer 1

require oxygen and give off carbon dioxide

Question 2

Respiratory surface

Answer 2

A site where one gas is exchanged for another gas
They must have a large surface area to volume ratio
Must be moist

Question 3

Types of gas exchange: simple diffusion

Answer 3

simple organisms will create large amount due to cellular respiration
Co2 will diffuse outside and o2 will diffuse inside the organism

Question 4

Diffusion

Answer 4

Moving from an area of high concentration to low concentration

Question 5

Types of gas exchange: Specialized Respiratory Systems

Answer 5

For organisms that are too large to satisfy oxygen requirements by diffusion
1.skin respiration
2.gills
3. Tracheal system
4. Lungs

Question 6

Specialized respiratory systems: Skin respiration

Answer 6

Must live in moist environments to keep skin wet contain a network of capillaries under the skin which do gas exchange throughout the body

Question 7

Specialized respiratory systems: Gills

Answer 7

-Must live in water and contain gills which are feathery structures that increase surface area
- Must move around to get a necessary supply of o2
-as water moves over the gills o2 diffuses in and co2 diffuse out (counter current system)

Question 8

What does a counter current exchange do

Answer 8

A counter current exchange maintains a favourable concentration gradient so oxygen can continually flow in and co2 flows out

Question 9

Specialized respiratory systems:tracheal system

Answer 9

Network of small tubes that carries oxygen to they entire body
-respiratory system is independent of its circulatory system
-this makes the blood not play a direct role in oxygen transport

Question 10

Specialized respiratory systems: Lungs

Answer 10

-reptiles and mammals can have 1 or 2 lungs
-must bring o2 in and out
-connected to the circulatory system
-subdivided internally for more surface area to support the elevated metabolic rate of mammals

Question 11

External respiration

Answer 11

The exchange of gasses with the external environment, and occurs in the alveoli of the lungs

Question 12

Internal respiration

Answer 12

The exchange of gasses with the internal environment and occurs in the blood and tissues

Question 13

What happens during inhalation

Answer 13

1. Diaphragm contracts
2. Pressure inside lungs decreases
3. Air flows in

Question 14

What happens during exhalation

Answer 14

1.Diaphragm relaxes
2. Pressure in lungs increases
3. Air flows out

Question 15

Respiration in the nose and mouth

Answer 15

Air enters the respiratory system through the nasal cavity or mouth
Features:
Cilia line the nasal cavities and clear foreign particles
The nasal cavity and mouth are nasal lined to warm and moisten while entering the respiratory system
Mucus traps foreign particles and keeps the cells lining the trachea moistened

Question 16

Steps of respiration: trachea

Answer 16

Air enters the trachea (the channel between the mouth and the bronchi)
-mucus producing cells: line the trachea and are ciliated
-mucus traps only foreign debris
-cilia sweep debris back to the pharynx
-the trachea is supported by cartilage rings which keep the trachea open

Question 17

Steps of respiration: bronchi and bronchioles

Answer 17

Inhaled air moves from the trachea into the bronchi (channels that lead to the left and right lungs)
-bronchi are also supported by cartilage rings
From the bronchi, air moves to smaller channels called bronchioles
-bronchioles do not have cartilage rings
-smooth muscles in the walls of bronchioles contract and relax to decrease and increase the bronchiole diameter

Question 18

Cause of wheezing

Answer 18

Decrease in the diameter of the bronchioles and it creates resistance

Question 19

Steps of respiration: alveolus

Answer 19

Air moves into tiny sacs called alveoli
-1 cell layer in thickness to permit rapid gas exchange with capillaries
-provide more surface area for gas exchange

Question 20

Inspiratory RV

Answer 20

Extra air forced in to lungs beyond normal inhalation

Question 21

Tidal volume

Answer 21

Air inhaled in a normal breath

Question 22

Expiratory RV

Answer 22

Extra air forced out of lungs beyond normal exhalation

Question 23

Total lung capacity

Answer 23

Volumes of air that can be pushed in or out of the lungs

Question 24

Vital capacity

Answer 24

Total volume of gasses that can be pushed in or out of the lungs

Question 25

Residual volume

Answer 25

Oxygen that is always in your lungs to prevent a collapsed lung