Unit 5 biology Proteins Flashcards
What do some proteins contain?
Sulphur
What are the basic building blocks of protein?
Amino acids
What does each amino acid have?
an amino group
a carboxyl group
a side chain
What happens when two amino acids are combined by condensation?
Join tgt into dipeptide
What is the link between two amino acids called?
(the link between the 2 amino acids, kinda like a line)
a peptide bond(can be broken down by hydrolysis
What do you call a further addition of amino acids?
a polypeptide
What is a polypeptide structure like?
Coils
Folded
in a specific way into a 3-dimensional structure
due to the attraction forces
How many polypeptides does hemoglobin consist of?
4 polypeptides
What does the unique shape of amino acids do?
The unique shape allows different proteins to perform different functions in our body
what is the formation of a protein from polypeptides?
- A polypeptide is formed by joining amino acids
- The polypeptide coils and folds in a specific way into a 3D structure
- The polypeptides may combine with other polypeptides to form a protein
How many amino acids are the proteins in our body made up of?
20 amino acids
How many can be produced in our body?
12
What do you call amino acids found in our body?
Non-essential amino acids
What do you call amino acids that you need to obtain from your diet?
Essential amino acids
What is the first function of proteins?
For growth and repair
How are proteins used for repair and growth?
They are used for the repair and growth of body tissues
What is the second function of proteins?
To produce
enzymes
antibodies
haemoglobin
hormones
What is the third function of proteins?
As an energy source
How are proteins used as an energy source?
If the stored carbohydrates and fat in our body are used up
amino acids can be broken down and used as energy
Give an example of when amino acids are used as an energy source.
Starvation
How much does one gram of protein provide?
18.2kJ of energy
(almost the same as carbohydrates)
(half of the lipids)
What may a lack of protein cause?
Deficiency disease
Name and describe one disease
Kwashiorkor
children have a swollen abdomen because of the accumulation of tissue fluid.
(grow poorly and have weak muscles)
How to test for proteins?
Albustix paper can be used to detect the proteins in food.
