Unit 5 biology carbohydrates Flashcards
Name 3 examples of monosaccharide sugars
1:Glucose
2:Fructose
3:Galactose(dairy)
What are disaccharides made of?
They consist of 2 monosaccharides
Name 3 examples of Disaccharides
1:Maltose
2:Sucrose
3:Lactose
What is Maltose composed of?
2 Glucose molecules
What is Sucrose composed of?
1 Glucose and 1 Fructose molecule
What is Lactose composed of?
1 Glucose and 1 Galactose molecule
Which sugars are reducing sugars?
All monosaccharides and Disaccharides EXCEPT Sucrose
What do Polysaccharides consist of?
Multiple monosaccharides
Name 3 examples of polysaccharides
and what they are made up of
1:Startch
2:Glycogen
3:Cellulose
they are all made up of glucose molecules (just arranged in diff ways)
Which polysaccharide is the major storage form of carbohydrates in plants?
Starch (rice, wheat, potatoes, taro)
Which polysaccharide is the major storage form of carbohydrates in animals?
Glycogen (liver and muscles)(not in plants)
What is Cellulose the major component of?
Plant cell wall
What is one function of carbohydrates?
The main source of energy for body activities
How are monosaccharides absorbed?
When they are taken into the body they are directly absorbed and used to provide energy
(glucose broken down in respiration to release energy)
How are disaccharides and starch absorbed?
They are broken down into monosaccharides to be absorbed
What is the second function of carbohydrates?
Used as energy reserves
What happens when excess carbohydrates are taken in?
Some convert into glycogen in the liver or muscles and are stored as energy reserves (glycogen is broken down into glucose to provide energy)
What is the third function of carbohydrates?
As a source of dietary fibre
Which polysaccharide can’t be digested in our body?
Cellulose (an important source of dietary fiber that keeps us healthy)
How to test for glucose?
Using glucose testing paper aka Diastix paper
change of color will show if glucose is present
(blue/green/pink–>purple)
How to test for reducing sugars?
The Benedict’s test
1. equal amount of Benedict’s solution
2. boil it
3. brick-red precipitate indicates the presence of reducing sugars
(compare the amount of reducing sugars by the amount of precipitate formed)
How to test for starch?
Iodine test
iodine solution
changes colors from brown to blue-black if starch is present
