Unit 5 biology

Question 1

Name the pathway of air.

Answer 1

Nasal cavity, mouth, Pharynx, larynx, Trachea, bronchi, bronchioles, alveoli.

Question 2

How many alveoli does an adult human have?

Answer 2

500-700 million

Question 3

What is special about alveoli to allow gaseous exchange?

Answer 3

Their cells are one cell thick and contain squamous epithelial cells.

Question 4

During inspiration, what happens to the diaphragm?

Answer 4

Contracts and flattens

Question 5

During inspiration, what happens to the rib cage?

Answer 5

Moves upwards and outwards

Question 6

During inspiration, what happens to the volume of the thoracic cavity?

Answer 6

Increases

Question 7

During expiration, what happens to the diaphragm?

Answer 7

Pushes upwards and expands

Question 8

During expiration, what happens to the rib cage?

Answer 8

Inwards and downwards

Question 9

During expiration, what happens to the volume of the thoracic cavity?

Answer 9

Decreases

Question 10

What is the process of mechanical ventilation?

Answer 10

• Air is pumped into the lungs by an endotracheal tube.
• This increases the pressure allowing air to flow inside of the airways.
• The pressure then drops to zero.
• Then the chest and lungs contract and push the air in the lungs out through passive expiration.

Question 11

In the heart, what chamber is top left?

Answer 11

right atrium

Question 12

In the heart, what chamber is top right?

Answer 12

Left atrium

Question 13

In the heart, what chamber is bottom left?

Answer 13

right ventricle

Question 14

In the heart, what chamber is bottom right?

Answer 14

left ventricle

Question 15

What pumps blood into the right atrium?

Answer 15

Vena cava

Question 16

What valve connects the right atrium to the right ventricle?

Answer 16

Tricuspid valve

Question 17

Where does blood go when it reached the right ventricle?

Answer 17

Pulmonary artery

Question 18

What pumps blood into the left atrium?

Answer 18

Pulmonary veins

Question 19

What valve connects the left atrium to the left ventricle?

Answer 19

Bicuspid valve

Question 20

Where does blood go after it has reached the left ventricle?

Answer 20

Aorta

Question 21

What is the function of arteries?

Answer 21

Carry blood away from the heart

Question 22

What is the function of veins?

Answer 22

Carry blood towards the heart

Question 23

What is the function of capillaries?

Answer 23

Allows diffusion of gases and nutrients from blood into the body cells

Question 24

What size walls do Arteries have?

Answer 24

Thick, muscular

Question 25

What size walls do Veins have?

Answer 25

Thin muscular

Question 26

What size walls do Capillaries have?

Answer 26

One cell thick

Question 27

What is the size of arteries lumen?

Answer 27

Small

Question 28

What is the size of veins lumen?

Answer 28

Large

Question 29

What is the size of capillaries lumen?

Answer 29

Very small, only allows blood to pass through one cell at a time

Question 30

What is the purpose of valves in veins?

Answer 30

Stop the backflow of blood.

Question 31

What blood vessel are valves present in?

Answer 31

Veins

Question 32

Describe the structure of arteries.

Answer 32

- Thick muscular wall - Layer of elastic muscle - Thin lumen - High pressure

Question 33

Describe the structure of veins.

Answer 33

- Wide lumen - Valves - Thin walls

Question 34

Describe the structure of capillaries.

Answer 34

One cell thick - They have an inner endothelial layer They have an outer epithelial layer

Question 35

Name the four valves in the heart and where they are located in the heart.

Answer 35

tricuspid valve: located between the right atrium and the right ventricle. pulmonary valve: located between the right ventricle and the pulmonary artery. mitral valve: located between the left atrium and the left ventricle. aortic valve: located between the left ventricle and the aorta.

Question 36

What is the role of valves?

Answer 36

Stop the backflow of blood

Question 37

What does the term ‘myogenic’ mean?

Answer 37

Functioning in a rhythmic pattern

Question 38

Describe the pathway of blood through the heart.

Answer 38

The right ventricle pumps the oxygen-poor blood to the lungs through the pulmonary valve. The left atrium receives oxygen-rich blood from the lungs and pumps it to the left ventricle through the mitral valve. The left ventricle pumps the oxygen-rich blood through the aortic valve out to the rest of the body.

Question 39

Distinguish between the systemic and pulmonary circuits.

Answer 39

The systematic system pumps blood from the heart to the body and back. Pulmonary system pumps blood to the lungs and back from the heart.

Question 40

Describe one cycle of the cardiac cycle and how pressure changes cause movement of blood.

Answer 40

One cycle is atrial systole which is when blood is pumped from the atria to the ventricles

Question 41

Explain why the sinoatrial node is commonly referred to as a pacemaker.

Answer 41

It generates a series of electrical impulses that regulates the rhythm of the heart.

Question 42

Describe how the cardiac cycle is controlled.

Answer 42

This is controlled by the cardiac conduction system and regulated by the medulla

Question 43

Name the 4 main parts of a urinary system

Answer 43

- Kidney - Ureter - Bladder - Urethra

Question 44

Which arteriole that is linked to the Glomerulus is larger?

Answer 44

Afferent is larger than the efferent

Question 45

What arteriole takes blood into the glomerulus?

Answer 45

Afferent

Question 46

What arteriole takes blood out of the glomerulus?

Answer 46

Efferent

Question 47

How is the proximal convoluted tubule adapted for rapid absorption?

Answer 47

- Large surface area due to microvilli | - Multiple mitochondria

Question 48

What is osmoregulation?

Answer 48

active regulation of the water pressure of an organism's body fluids

Question 49

In the kidney, where is the blood filtered?

Answer 49

Cortex

Question 50

What is the main role of the kidneys?

Answer 50

To remove urea from the blood.

Question 51

What is ultrafiltration?

Answer 51

process in the kidney by which urea, salt, water and glucose etc. is extracted from the blood.

Question 52

How does water move out of the loop of henle?

Answer 52

Osmosis

Question 53

What is selective reabsorption?

Answer 53

the process whereby certain molecules are reabsorbed from the filtrate as they pass through the nephron.

Question 54

What are the effects of ADH?

Answer 54

Makes the walls of the collecting duct permeable to water so more water move out by osmosis.

Question 55

Where is ADH released from?

Answer 55

Pituitary gland