Unit 5

Question 1

Informal fallacy

Answer 1

Popular but invalid form of argument

Question 2

Fallacy of distraction

Answer 2

points to information that is irrelevant to the conclusion

Question 3

Ipse dixit

Answer 3

appeal to authority

Question 4

Ad populum

Answer 4

appeal to the majority

Question 5

Ad baculum

Answer 5

appeal to force

a thinly-veiled threat often used by parents

Question 6

Ad hominem

Answer 6

verbal attack on a person rather than his argument

Question 7

Bulverism

Answer 7

attacking a position by pointing out how the arguer came to hold it

Question 8

Tu quoque

Answer 8

points to an inconsistency between a person’s argument and behavior

Question 9

Ad ignorantiam

Answer 9

an argument from lack of evidence

Question 10

Chronological snobbery

Answer 10

an argument based merely on the passage of time

Question 11

Fallacies of ambiguity

Answer 11

Arguments that confuse the real issue with multiple, vague, or otherwise unclear meanings

Question 12

Equivocation

Answer 12

Changing the definition of a term in the middle of an argument

Question 13

Fallacy of Accent

Answer 13

Alters the meaning of a statement through changed emphasis

Question 14

Fallacy of Amphiboly

Answer 14

A vagueness of grammar that disguises or alters meaning

Question 15

Fallacy of Composition

Answer 15

Transferring attributes from parts to whole

Question 16

Fallacy of Division

Answer 16

Transferring attributes from whole to part

Question 17

Fallacies of Form

Answer 17

Arguments that fail to

establish their conclusions

because of a weakness in logical structure

Question 18

Circular reasoning

Answer 18

Secretly assuming what you are trying to prove

Question 19

Post hoc ergo propter hoc

Answer 19

Improperly assuming that a sequence in time implies a cause and effect

Question 20

Either/or

Answer 20

Making an argument based on a false dilemma

Question 21

Complex Question

Answer 21

A question crafted to exclude any possible legitimate response

Question 22

Apriorism

Answer 22

Hasty generalization

Question 23

How can you identify fallacies?

Answer 23

Ask yourself

what the conclusion is and how it is reached

1. What is he trying to prove?
2. How is he trying to prove it?