Unit 5 Flashcards
What DTM stage is pre-industrial
1
What DTM stage is the transitional stage
2
What DTM stage is industrial
3
What DTM stage is post-industrial
4
What happens to go from stage 1 to stage 2 on a DTM
Health care, industrialization, water quality, sanitation
What happens to go from stage 2 to stage 3 on a DTM
Better education for women
What is the ozone layer
The diffuse layer of ozone molecules in the atmosphere
What are the main types of UV that ozone absorbs
UV-C and UV-B
What molecule reacts with UV from the sun and prevents some UV from reaching earth
Ozone
What is ozone photolysis
Ozone naturally destroyed when UV interacts with O3.
What are chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs)
Extremely stable, nonreactive, nontoxic, and nonflammable man made compounds
What are ozone depleting substances (ODS)
Chlorine, bromine, hydrofluorocarbons
Where is the ozone layer located
Stratosphere
What is the ozone hole
A severely depleted region of ozone
Where does the biggest ozone hole occur and why
Antarctica
Clouds accumulate chlorine in the winter and it melts and releases it in the spring
What is the montreal protocol and what year
1987
An agreement to reduce CFC production immediately and eliminate by 1996
What are the most dangerous ozone depleting substances
Nitrogen dioxide (N2O) and NOx
Does the hole in the ozone layer cause global warming
No
What is climate change
Long-term shifts in patterns of temp and precipitation
How many years is climate measured over
30
What are Milankovitch cycles
Changes in earth’s orbit shape, tilt, and wobble on its axis
What do milankovitch cycles primarily determine
If we will experience glacial or interglacial conditions
What is the top 3 greenhouse gas emissions in the us
- CO2
- Methane
- NO2
What is the top emitter of greenhouse gases in the US’s economic sector
Transportation
What is the greenhouse effect
Visible light from the sun is absorbed by earth’s surface, which then emits the energy as infrared radiation. Outgoing infrared energy is then absorbed by tropospheric gases.
What is global warming potential (GWP)
An estimate of how much a molecule of any compound can contribute to warming over a period of 100 years in relative to a molecule of C02
What is the Keeling Curve
An instrumental record of atmospheric CO2. Longest record
What is the Kyoto Protocol and the year
1997
UN members committed to reducing greenhouse gas emissions in industrialized countries to 5.2% below 1990 levels by 2012.
US didnt agree to it
Did the Kyoto Protocol work
No
What is the paris agreement and the year
2015
Each country outlined their nationally determined contributions (NDCs) to acheive goal of limiting global temp increase to 2°C by 2100.
Developed countries help lower developed countries
Is water vapor a greenhouse gas
Yes
What is albedo
The amount of reflection a surface has
Higher the albedo, higher the reflectivity
What is the cause of coral bleaching and why
Ocean warming
Algae with corals cant survive higher ocean temps so they die which means corals die too
What is ocean acidification
An increase of dissolved CO2 in the ocean results in a decrease in the pH. Dissolved CO2 reacts with water and forms carbonic acid.
What is formed when CO2 and sea water combine during ocean acidification
Bicarbonate
What does ocean acidification cause towards animal’s shells
Breaks down or makes it harder to produce calcium carbonate shells
