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AP Environmental Science > Unit 3 > Flashcards

Unit 3 Flashcards

1
Q

What is polyculture

A

Different crop types planted all year

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2
Q

What type of agriculture does slash and burn

A

Traditional agriculture

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3
Q

What are subsidies

A

Tax to farmers

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4
Q

What type of agriculture is monocultural

A

Plantation agriculture

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5
Q

Organic agriculture uses:

A

No pesticides or fertilizers

Animals eat organic

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6
Q

What is a CAFO

A

Contained animal feeding operation

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7
Q

Green Revolution def

A

A time when farming practices switched in order to produce more food for an increasing population

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8
Q

Soil def

A

Mix of geologic and organic components

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9
Q

Humus def

A

Decomposed organic material

Has lots of nutrients

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10
Q

What are the layers of soil

A

O
A
B
C

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11
Q

What is the O soil layer

A

All organic material
Decomposed leaves/plants

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12
Q

What is the A soil layer

A

Topsoil
Minerals from below with organic material
Where roots are

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13
Q

What is the B soil layer

A

Subsoil
High in minerals but low in organic material
Clay

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14
Q

What is the C soil layer

A

Weathered bedrock

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15
Q

What differentiates soil texture

A

Particle sizes

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16
Q

Soils with the biggest particles to smallest particles

A

Sand- biggest
Silt
Clay- smallest

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17
Q

Smaller particles = ______ porosity

A

Higher

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18
Q

Smaller particles = ______ permeability

A

Lower

19
Q

Photosynthesis reactants

A

CO2, H2O, and sun energy

20
Q

Photosynthesis products

A

O2 and glucose

21
Q

Cellular respiration reactants

A

O2 and glucose

22
Q

Cellular respiration products

A

CO2, H20, energy- ATP

23
Q

Where is most of the carbon on earth

A

Ocean

24
Q

Where is most of the nitrogen on earth

A

Atmosphere

25
Q

What gas in the atmosphere has triple bonds and can’t be used by living organisms

A

N2

26
Q

What is the formula for nitrate

A

NO3

27
Q

What is the formula for nitrite

A

NO2

28
Q

What is the formula for ammonia

A

NH3

29
Q

What is the formula for ammonium

A

NH4

30
Q

What can soil bacteria turn excess nitrates into

A

N2O, nitrous oxide

31
Q

What is fixation in the nitrogen cycle

A

Nitrogen gas from the atmosphere is turned into nitrates from lightning/fires and ammonia from nitrogen-fixing bacteria

N2 —> NO3 or NH3

32
Q

What is assimilation in the nitrogen cycle

A

An organism takes in a nutrient, like a plant taking in ammonia

33
Q

What is nitrification in the nitrogen cycle

A

Bacteria oxidize NH4 adding oxygens to it. First forming nitrite and finally forming nitrate

34
Q

What is ammonification in the nitrogen cycle

A

Decomposers make ammonia

Organic forms of nitrogen into ammonia

35
Q

What is denitrification in the nitrogen cycle

A

Nitrates lose their oxygen atoms and are converted back into N2 in the atmosphere

36
Q

Why is phosphorus cycle unique

A

Doesnt go into the atmosphere or a gas

37
Q

What cycle is the slowest

A

Phosphorus

38
Q

What is the largest reservoir for phosphorus

A

Sedimentary rock

39
Q

What is no-till farming

A

Old plants are cut but their roots are left in the soil. Then new plants are planted on top

40
Q

What is agroforestry

A

Incorporates trees so plants can grow in the shade

Coffee

41
Q

What is cover crop

A

Planting crops over other crops

42
Q

What are windbreaks

A

Rows of trees and plants infront of crops

43
Q

What is contour farming

A

Follows the slope of land to prevent erosion

44
Q

What is green manure

A

Growing specific crops that are then plowed back into the soil

AP Environmental Science (5 decks)

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