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AP Environmental Science > Unit 2.B > Flashcards

Unit 2.B Flashcards

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1
Q

Tropical rainforest characteristics

A

Decay occurs at slow rates
Poor nutrient soil
Warm temps throughout the year, lots of rain
Climbing or flying animals
Deforestation, overhunting, and farming

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2
Q

Temperate Deciduous forest characteristics

A

Even rainfall all year
Warm/hot summers but cool/cold everytime else
High nutrients bc of falling leaves
Most altered biome

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3
Q

Boreal Forest / Taiga characteristics

A

Regular rainfall throughout year
Very cold winters
High soil acidity and poor nutrients
Low plant diversity
Migratory birds

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4
Q

Temperate Rainforest characteristics

A

Long, wet winters but short drier winters
Clay and sandy soils
High nutrient soils
Migrating animals or hibernation
Climate change

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5
Q

Tropical Grassland (savanna) characteristics

A

Prolonged dry season
Hot summer, warm winters
Low minerals, high aluminum levels
Grasses die during dry season and return during wet

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6
Q

Temperate grassland (prairie) characteristics

A

Hot summers, cool winters
Extremely nutrient rich
Grasses die in winter, flowers are fast growing to complete life cycle b4 winter

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7
Q

Polar Grassland (arctic tundra) characteristics

A

Very cold
Organic matter is slow to decompose
Permafrost prevents snow/ice from permeating ground
Migrating mammals
Too cold for much human activity

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8
Q

Chaparral (Mediterranean) characteristics

A

Dry summers, wet winters
Not very fertile
Seeds require burning
Deep roots
Animals adapted to dry conditions

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9
Q

Desert characteristics

A

Rare precipitation
Slow nutrient cycle due to little bacterial activity
Takes decades to recover from disturbances
Nocturnal animals
Off-road vehicles, mining, oil drilling

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10
Q

Storm water definition

A

Rain that has touched the ground

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11
Q

Watershed definition

A

Areas of land where all the storm water washes to the same location

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12
Q

Point source pollution definition

A

Emitted by a single, large output of pollution.

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13
Q

Nonpoint source pollution definition

A

Emitted by a large number of small sources.

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14
Q

Eutrophication definition

A

Addition of nutrients into a body of water

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15
Q

Cultural eutrophication definition

A

Anthropogenic input of nutrients

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16
Q

Dead zone definition

A

Areas of water with so little oxygen that so many things die or can’t live.
Low dissolved oxygen levels

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17
Q

Turbidity def

A

How see-through water is

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18
Q

Biological oxygen demand (BOD) definition

A

The amount of oxygen required by organisms in a water amount.

19
Q

Gray infrastructure definition

A

Traditional storm water management systems catch and move stormwater runoff towards a discharge point

20
Q

Low impact development (LID) definition.

A

Stormwater management approach that attempts to mimic the natural hydrologic cycle
Uses runoff on the site where it falls

21
Q

Urban sprawl definition

A

Low density development around cities and towns

22
Q

Urban heat island definition

A

Concentrated heat from cars, factories, light, AC, dark roofs, etc. In cities

23
Q

Smart growth definition

A

Collection of principles that address the negative impact of sprawl and encourage municipalities to manage growth and development better

24
Q

Abesto’s definition

A

Thin, fibrous silicate material used as insulator

25
Q

Carbon monoxide

A

Comes from broken exhaust systems on gas heaters, vehicles, generators, etc.

26
Q

Radon-222 def

A

From decay of naturally occurring uranium in rocks and soils
Testing in basements

27
Q

Particulate matter definition

A

Majority are from natural sources and anthropogenic sources like tobacco and coal combustion

28
Q

VOCs def

A

Used in building materials. Has a pungent smell

29
Q

Formaldehyde definition

A

Type of VOC used in wood, boards, glues, etc.
Suspected human carcinogen

30
Q

What is the biggest reason for endangered species

A

Habitat loss

31
Q

What is the edge effect

A

Warmer, dryer, and more variable conditions

32
Q

What is the theory of island biogeography

A

It describes the roles of island size and distance from mainland in determining species richness of a community.

33
Q

What does the theory of island biogeography say

A

Larger Islands closer to the mainland has an increase in species richness.

34
Q

Name an example of a buffer zone

A

Costa Rica

35
Q

What is a habitat corridor

A

It connects isolated reserves to maintain migration and movement of organisms within a larger habitat range

36
Q

What is an ecological hotspot

A

A region with particularly high levels of species richness or endemic species, experiencing serious degradation

37
Q

What is CITES

A

An agreement with 175 countries controlling international trade of threatened organisms

38
Q

What is the Endangered Species Act

A

The U.S. FWS determines species’ status and protection, authorizes purchase of critical habitat, and development of recovery plans for each listed species

39
Q

What is the Nation Environment Policy Act

A

Ensures any gov agency to consider environmental impacts before starting a federal project. Requires environmental impact statements

40
Q

What is the Clean Zone on the Oxygen Sag Curve

A

High water quality
High dissolved oxygen levels
Low BOD demand

41
Q

What is the Decomposition Zone on the Oxygen Sag Curve

A

High BOD- spikes
Algae bloom died or sewage added
Dissolved oxygen levels drop
Trash fish

42
Q

What is the Septic Zone on the Oxygen Sag Curve

A

Only decomposers, no fish
Minimum of dissolved oxygen levels
All anaerobic bacteria

43
Q

What is the Recovery Zone on the Oxygen Sag Curve

A

Trash fish
Dissolved oxygen levels improve and increase
BOD decreases

AP Environmental Science (4 decks)

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