Unit 5 Flashcards
time to cream
Green Revolution
A period of increased agricultural productivity due to high-yield crops, synthetic fertilizers, and mechanization.
Monoculture
Growing a single crop over a large area; leads to soil nutrient depletion and increased vulnerability to pests.
CAFO (Concentrated Animal Feeding Operation)
A large-scale industrial livestock farm where animals are kept in high density and produce significant waste.
Eutrophication
Excess nutrients lead to algal blooms, oxygen depletion, and fish kills.
Genetic Engineering (GE)
Directly modifying an organism’s DNA, unlike traditional selective breeding.
Right-to-Farm Laws
Protect farms from nuisance lawsuits but also make it difficult to regulate CAFOs.
Golden Rice
A genetically modified rice variety engineered to contain vitamin A to combat malnutrition.
Bycatch
The unintentional capture of non-target species in fishing methods like trawling.
Sustainable Agriculture
Farming practices that protect the environment, such as crop rotation and no-till farming.
Overfishing
Depletion of fish populations due to excessive harvesting.
Aquaculture
The farming of fish, shellfish, and aquatic plants in controlled environments.
Kelp Farming
Absorbs excess nutrients, reduces ocean acidification, and provides habitat.
Piscine Reovirus (PRV)
A virus that affects salmon’s heart function, making them weaker.
Infectious Salmon Anemia Virus (ISAV)
A highly contagious virus that is lethal to salmon populations.
Purse Seining
A fishing method that uses a large net to encircle schools of fish.
Bottom Trawling
Dragging nets along the seafloor, leading to habitat destruction and high bycatch.
Aquaculture Opportunity Areas (AOAs)
Designated areas for sustainable fish farming to reduce pressure on wild stocks.
Pre-Spawn Mortality in Salmon
Prevents salmon from reproducing, disrupting ecosystem balance.
Air Pollutants from CAFOs
Major pollutants from CAFOs include ammonia and methane.
Antibiotic Resistance
Overuse of antibiotics in livestock can lead to antibiotic-resistant bacteria, posing health risks.
Integrated Pest Management (IPM)
A sustainable approach to pest control that minimizes pesticide use by incorporating biological, physical, and chemical methods.
Cover Crops
Crops planted to protect and enrich soil, preventing erosion and improving fertility.
No-Till Farming
Reduces soil erosion and improves water retention by avoiding plowing.
Bioaccumulation & Biomagnification
Bioaccumulation: Toxin buildup in an individual organism. Biomagnification: Increasing toxin concentration up the food chain.
