Unit 5 Flashcards
What is agriculture?
The planting and harvesting of domesticated plants and raising of domesticated animals
What characterizes a tropical climate?
Wet and wet-dry seasons.
What is a moderate climate?
Includes subtropical and marine climates, often found along coasts.
What is a Mediterranean climate?
A climate characterized by hot, dry summers and mild, wet winters.
What is a continental climate?
Includes humid and humid cold climates.
What is intensive agriculture?
A type of agriculture that aims to maximize yield from a given area.
What is subsistence agriculture?
Agriculture that focuses on growing enough food to feed the farmer’s family.
What is commercial agriculture?
Agriculture aimed at producing crops for sale in the market.
What is market gardening?
The small-scale production of fruits, vegetables, and flowers as cash crops.
What is a truck farm?
A farm that produces vegetables for sale in nearby markets.
What is a plantation?
A large farm that specializes in the production of one or two crops.
What is mixed crop & livestock agriculture?
An agricultural system that combines crop production and livestock raising.
What is grain farming?
The cultivation of cereal grains for food, animal feed, and other products.
What is dairying?
The production of milk and dairy products.
What is extensive agriculture?
Agriculture that uses large areas of land with low input of labor and capital.
What is shifting cultivation / slash-and-burn?
A form of agriculture where land is cleared by cutting and burning vegetation.
What is nomadic herding?
A form of pastoralism where herders move with their livestock in search of pasture.
What is livestock ranching?
The practice of raising animals for meat, milk, or wool.
What are clustered rural settlements?
Rural communities where buildings are grouped closely together.
What are dispersed rural settlements?
Rural communities where buildings are spread out over a large area.
What are linear rural settlements?
Rural communities that are arranged in a line, often along a road or river.
What is metes and bounds?
A system of land surveying that uses physical features to define boundaries.
What is township and range?
A system of land surveying that divides land into townships and ranges.
What is a long lot?
A land division system that creates narrow parcels of land extending back from a river or road.
What was the First Agricultural Revolution?
Also known as the Neolithic Revolution, it marked the transition from hunting and gathering to agriculture.
What is the Fertile Crescent?
A historical region in the Middle East known as the hearth of agriculture.
What is the Indus River Valley hearth?
An ancient agricultural region in South Asia known for early farming practices.
What was the Columbian Exchange?
The widespread transfer of plants, animals, culture, and ideas between the Americas and the Old World.
What was the Second Agricultural Revolution?
A period of agricultural development that began in the 18th century, marked by improvements in farming techniques.
What is the Green Revolution?
A period of agricultural transformation that increased food production worldwide through the use of high-yield crops and fertilizers.
What is soil salinization?
The accumulation of salts in soil, often resulting from improper irrigation practices.
What are capital expenditures?
Funds used by a company to acquire or upgrade physical assets.
What is bid-rent theory?
An economic theory that explains how the price and demand for land changes as distance from the market increases.
What is monocropping/monoculture?
The agricultural practice of growing a single crop over a wide area.
What is agribusiness?
The business of agricultural production and related services.
What is a concentrated animal feeding operation (CAFO)?
A large-scale industrial agricultural facility that raises animals in confined spaces.
What is a cool chain?
A temperature-controlled supply chain that maintains product quality from production to consumption.
