Unit 4

Question 1

state/country

Answer 1

an independent political unit with a centralized authority that makes claim to sole legal, political, and economic jurisdiction over a region with defined boundaries

Question 2

sovereign state

Answer 2

a state that possesses the sole authority over the land and people within its boundaries

Question 3

nation

Answer 3

a community of people bound to a homeland and possessing a common identity based on shared cultural traits such as language ethnicity and religion

Question 4

nation-state

Answer 4

when cultural boundaries match the state’s territorial (government) boundaries

Question 5

nationalism

Answer 5

a sense of belonging & self identifying with a national culture

Question 6

stateless nation

Answer 6

ethnic group or nation that does not possess its own state and is not the majority population in any nation-state

Question 7

multinational state

Answer 7

a country containing multiple national, ethnic, and religious groups within its boundaries

Question 8

multi-state nation

Answer 8

ethnic groups territorially divided by one or more international boundaries

Question 9

autonomous region

Answer 9

a section or territory of a country that has a degree of self-government, or autonomy, in its decision making

Question 10

self-determination

Answer 10

refers to a nation’s ability to determine its own statehood and form its own allegiances and government

Question 11

devolution

Answer 11

the movement of power from the central government to regional governments within the state

Question 12

ethnonationalism

Answer 12

a form of nationalism in which the nation is defined in terms of ethnic identity

Question 13

territoriality

Answer 13

relating to the ownership of an area of land or sea

Question 14

neocolonialism

Answer 14

the set of economic and political strategies by which wealthy and powerful countries indirectly maintain or extend their influence over less wealthy areas

Question 15

shatterbelt

Answer 15

regions of continuing & persistent fragmentation due to devolution

Question 16

choke points

Answer 16

a narrow feature that restricts passage to another region

Question 17

ethnic cleansing

Answer 17

forced removal of an ethnic group by another ethnic group to create ethnically homogeneous territores

Question 18

balkanization

Answer 18

?? fix on notecard!!

Question 19

median line principle

Answer 19

an approach to dividing and creating boundaries at the midpoint between two places

Question 20

delimited boundary

Answer 20

fixed or defined to identify the limits or boundary of an area

Question 21

demarcated boundary

Answer 21

set apart to distinguish those limits

Question 22

relic boundary

Answer 22

no longer functions as an international border

Question 23

superimposed boundary

Answer 23

placed on an area without regard to exiting boundaries

Question 24

subsequent boundary

Answer 24

a political boundary that developed with the cultural landscape

Question 25

antecedent boundary

Answer 25

boundary that was identifies before an area was settled

Question 26

geometric boundary

Answer 26

perfectly straight lines drawn without regard for a area’s physical or cultural features

Question 27

consequent boundary

Answer 27

drawn to accommodate existing cultural differences

Question 28

demilitarized zone

Answer 28

area in which treaties or agreements between nations, military powers, or contending groups forbid military installations or activities

Question 29

buffer state

Answer 29

independent but politically and economically weal countries lying between the borders of 3 powers, potentially belligerent empires or countries

Question 30

satellite state

Answer 30

nominally independent county that is politically, militarily, and economically controlled by a more powerful state

Question 31

UN Convention on the Law of the Sea

Answer 31

defined territorial boundaries and rights to the sea through the establishments of 4 zones: territorial sea, contiguous zone, exclusive economic zone, and high seas

Question 32

exclusive economic zones

Answer 32

zone that extends 200 nautical miles from shoreline in which coastal states have the size right to exploit, develop, manage, and conserve all water resources lying beyond the land

Question 33

voting district

Answer 33

a territorial division for casting votes in public elections

Question 34

reapportionment

Answer 34

the process by which the 435 seats in the House are proportionately by population among the 50 states following every U.S. census

Question 35

redistricting

Answer 35

the process of drawing new boundaries for U.S. congressional districts to reflect the population change since the previous U.S. census

Question 36

gerrymandering

Answer 36

the manipulation of voting district boundaries to favor a particular political party, group, or election outcome

Question 37

Unitary state

Answer 37

a state where laws are administered uniformly by one central governmet

Question 38

federal state

Answer 38

a political system where power is shared between a central government and various regional governments