Unit 5 Flashcards
How are rural areas categorised?
Cloke’s 1979 model of urban to rural continuum
What defines an extreme non rural settlement?
within 30 mins travel distance from an urban area
- overcrowding
- noise and air pollution
What defines an extreme rural environment?
more than 90 mins travel time from an urban area
- not good healthcare
- no job opps
- ageing population
- lack of education
How does census data of England and Wales between 2001 and 2011, show that rural areas have an aging population?
median age data:
2001 urban = 36 rural = 42
2011 urban = 37 rural = 45
Why is there an age difference between urban and rural areas?
retired people do not want to live in a bustling city, want to move away as they don’t have jobs or young children to raise
How does service provision affect rural settlements?
Rural areas are suffering from a ‘Spiral of Decline’ caused by in part the outward migration of young people
How does the spiral of decline work?
young people leave to find new job opportunities, employers find it difficult to recruit labour.
less investment into the area which means fewer shops open, people notice decline and have a lower quality of life
What are services in rural areas having to do to survive?
they are having to become co - operative which means they have to be owned by the community = residents invest in them to survive
Between 2011 and 2016, how much did overall rural bus mileage fall by?
6.2%
How does lack of transport provision lead to the decline of rural areas?
irregular and unreliable bus timetable, young people feel isolated and stranded, so they can’t have fun and are encouraged to move out
What is the case study for a remote declining village?
St John’s Chapel, Weardale, County Durham
What % of people are aged 60+ in St John’s Chapel compared to the national % in 2011?
St John’s = 36%
national = 21%
Why is St John’s Chapel facing decline? What is its history?
Declining because traditional employment in the area is declining, used to be a mining site, lead to outward migration of young people
What was the population decline of St John’s Chapel from 1991 to 2011?
1991 = 442
2011 = 270
How can a lack of telecommunication and broadband provision lead to a decline in rural areas?
if there isn’t super fast broadband, this means that people cannot work from home, outward migration for more job opportunities
What are 4 issues that people and business are facing from limited broadband and 4G coverage?
- people will not purchase property with low broadband speed
- they aren’t connected to urban areas
- People aren’t close to banks - cannot handle their money online
- when cars break down, difficult to get to them quickly
What is the definition of second home ownership?
people buy a second house in physically attractive areas (like holiday houses
What is the definition of counter - urbanisation?
Where people and businesses move from urban areas to rural areas, tends to affect accessible rural areas
What are the three locations where second home ownership is more than 5% of the properties there?
- Cornwall
- Northumberland
- Norfolk
What % of homes in Cornwall are classed as second home owned?
11.2%
What effect has the demand for second homes in Cornwall had on house prices?
increase of house prices, which will affect the locals as they may be outpriced out of the area
What issues will be created for local residents in Cornwall due to second home ownership?
increased price of products and services, and younger (first time buyers) cannot get on the market and are forced to outmigrate = ageing population
In Sep 2012, what was the avg. cost of house in Cornwall compared to national avg?
Cornwall = £183,179
National = £162,561
In Cornwall, what was the housing cost compared to local annual median earnings?
in some areas housing costs 10x annual median earnings
