Unit 3 Flashcards
What is tertiarisation?
growth of the tertiary sector
What has caused the growth of the tertiary sector?
increased productivity in manufacturing and agriculture, which has resulted in a decreased demand for labour
an increase in affluence has lead to an increase in this sector
What is the definition of gentrification?
the displacement of working class populations in an area as a more affluent population move in
What is the first stage of gentrification and how does it work? What is the impact on the original population?
The Early Stage:
- occurs in run down, de-industrialised, working class inner city locations
- artistic/hipster community take advantage of low rent buildings
- these groups are known as ‘urban pioneers’
- greasy spoon cafes = more food for lower price, services are relatively cheap
- limited impact on original population
What is the second stage of gentrification and how does it work? What is the impact on the original population?
The Transitional Stage:
- reputation of the area is enhanced as a ‘trendy’ hipster place
- new and more affluent residents move into the area, causing an increase in the no. of tourists/visitors
- demand for housing increases = prices increase
- more businesses are set up which leads to an increase in the prices of goods and services
- working class people struggle to keep up with affluence
What is the third stage of gentrification and how does it work? What is the impact on the original population?
The Late Stage:
- reputation is firmly established as a trendy, affluent and upcoming area
- new affluent population have higher wages
- private sector cooperate investment results in new exclusive housing development, services orientated to affluent pop.
- urban pioneers and working class people are priced out of the area
What is the case study for gentrification?
Shoreditch
Where is Shoreditch and when did they experience de-industrialisation?
Located in Hackney, East London (an inner city area)
In the 1980’s de-industrialisation of the garnet and furniture industry occurred, the area contained many derelict buildings
When and what happened in the first stage of gentrification in Shoreditch?
1990’s - stage 1
- area around Hoxton Square attracted the artistic community
- illegal warehouse raves took place and ‘greasy spoon’ cafes still operated
When and what happened in the second stage of gentrification in Shoreditch?
2000’s - stage 2
- area becomes one of the trendiest on London, attracting visitors and businesses
- causes an increase in property prices
In the second stage of gentrification in Shoreditch how did the property prices increase between 2005 and 2010?
average house price in…
2005 = £225,441
2010 = £345,827
(53% increase)
When and what happened in the third stage of gentrification in Shoreditch?
2010’s - stage 3
- demographics of shorditch were representative of wealthy middle class population
- change in services, reflecting the growing affluence
- Shoreditch cereal killer cafe targeted in gentrification protests
- involved 200 ppl, physically attacked business with torches and smoke bombs
What is a flagship development and how does it help with urban regeneration?
flagship = iconic development e.g. Birmingham Library
Creates a sense of ‘can only get this here’ and attracts tourists
What was the average price of a cereal bowl at the cereal killer cafe?
£3.00 - £6.00
What concerns do current residents have about this process in Shoreditch?
- marginalisation = splitting the community
- unaffordable for working class
- takes away industrial heritage
When was the Big City Plan put into place and what was the objective?
launched September 2010, aims to deliver sustainable growth, improve interconnectivity, new residential communities and diversify the economic base
How much was invested into the Big City Plan? How much is it going to contribute to economy?
£10 billion overall
- £600 million investment to develop new street station
- expanded city core area by 25%
- 20 year vision
- £2.1 billion to the city annually
What did the development of the Sandwell Aquatic Centre offer to Birmingham?
- £6.5 million national investment in game sports
- 40,000 new jobs, volunteering opportunities
- more than £40 million of social value,
approx. £200,000 input from it
What is reurbanisation?
the movement of people back into urban areas that have previously experienced outmigration.
this process attracts a more affluent population
What is the case study for reurbanisation?
Brindley Place, Birmingham
What was Brindley Place like in the 1970’s?
was based around a canal basin, dominated by derelict factories, extremely run down due to de-industrialisation
When was the development funded and what was the funding for?
1987 a £200 million redevelopment involving an enterprise zone, Birmingham City Council regenerated the 15 hectar site into a premium leisure, commercial and residential area
What was the first stage of the development of Brindley place?
construction of NIA, which opened in 1991
How many jobs were created overall during the redevelopment?
10,000
