unit 5

Question 1

all 3 biological domains include mircroorganisms

Answer 1

eukarya
archaea
bacteria

Question 2

organisms that manufacture organic matter from CO2 usually do it by

Answer 2

photosynthesis

Question 3

viruses

Answer 3

nonliving because
=no cells
=require a host
=structure: nucleic acid and capsid

smaller than prokaryotes (20-200 nanometers)
most abundant and diverse
little known

Question 4

roles of viruses

Answer 4

infect bacteria causing lysis and creating dissolved organic matter (DOM)

Question 5

diseases in marine organisms

Answer 5

shellfish that filter water are vulnerable to hepatitis and other viruses from humans
potential cancer treatments

Question 6

prokaryote 2 domains

Answer 6

bacteria and archea

Question 7

prokaryotes

Answer 7

made of cells, lack a nucleus, enclosed with a cell wall, has DNA

smallest and structurally simpilest true living organisms

carry out nearly all the chemical processes

Question 8

bacteria

Answer 8

25,000 bacterial cells would fit on a period of a sentence

can grow in high numbers in favorable places like detritus

decary bacteria break down waste products and organic matter and release nutrietns into the enviorment

Question 9

bacteria is vital on earth because

Answer 9

ensure recycling on nutrients as in the recycling of dissolved organic matter in food webs

Question 10

Cyanobacteria

Answer 10

aka blue-green algae

photosyntheic blue pigment: phycocyanin

thought to be among one of the first photosyntheic organisms and played a rule in accumilation of oxygen on earth

Question 11

archaea

Answer 11

live in extreme enviorments
(extremophiles)
sulfur, highly acidic or alkaline enviorments, high temps

Question 12

metabolism

Answer 12

all the chemical rxns that take place in an organisms

Question 13

autotrophs

Answer 13

make their own organic compounds

Question 14

chemoautotrophs

Answer 14

derive energy from chemical compounds rather than light

Question 15

heterotrophs

Answer 15

most marine bacteria obtain energy from organic matter by cellular respiration

Question 16

plankton

Answer 16

includes algae, bacteria, protozoans, crustaceans, mollusks,, etc. exist in a floating state

classified according to size

Question 17

classification of plankton

Answer 17

femtoplankton- too small to catch in net
picoplankton- archaea and bacteria
net plankton- can be caught in nets
Phytoplankton- perform photosynthesis
Zooplankton- do not perform photosynthesis

Question 18

diatoms

Answer 18

-unicellular and cannot move in water under their own power
-cell wall made of silicia, glass-like material
-intricate shells making diatoms beautiful
-12,000 marine species
-adequate nutrients and light trigger periods of rapid reproduction called blooms
- ONE MORE ASK WHAT SAYS

Question 19

dinoflagellates

Answer 19

-have 2 flagella and are able to swim
-cell wall of cellulose
-can photosynthesise or ingest food particles
-1200 marine species
-some species cause red tides
-some bioluminescent

Question 20

krill

Answer 20

-small, shrimp-like crustaceans
-fuel runs engine of earth’s marine ecosystems (staple diet of hundred of animals) (main fish, birds, whales)

-eat phytoplankton
-prefer cold water
-spend day deep in ocean (320 ft) to avoid predators, at night they drift up the water collumn to search for phytoplankton