unit 5 Flashcards
economic system in which means of production are privately owned and operated for profit
capitalism
led by mostly creoles and mestizos who had traveled to Europe for education and brought back Enlightenment thinking; movement for independence from Spain in 19th century through use of magazines, pamphlets, and other publications, giving it the name the Propaganda Movement, Jose Rizal (leader), Propaganda Movement
Philippine revolution (south east Asia)
to summarize very briefly, in the 1780s economic issues (high government spending) and lack of political representation led to calls by the Third Estate for change. Attempts to limit the king and nobility led to various events - storming of the Bastille, peasant uprisings, adoption of the Declaration of the Rights of Man. The king refused limited monarchy, so radical groups helped establish the First French Republic in 1792…and the Reign of Terror, in which the government executed thousands of those who opposed the revolution, including the king and queen (Marie Antoinette). After more fighting and more fighting and even more fighting, Napoleon Bonaparte takes over and declares himself emperor of France in 1804, where he will continue to impact France and the rest of Europe until his defeat at Waterloo.
French revolution
Rizal was executed by Spanish authorities, leading to the actual armed revolution against Spain
out come of the Philippine revolution (south east Asia)
Count di Cavour wanted to unite the Italian Peninsula rather than let it remain divided and broken up. Using realpolitik (practical politics of reality) he manipulated Napoleon III of France into a war with Austria, hoping to weaken Austrian power over the Italian Peninsula. This allowed alliances and unification on the peninsula due to popular referendum (vote).
unification movement in Italy
Otto von Bismarck (also liked realpolitik) and wanted to further the nationalism taking place in Germany; so he engineered three wars involving Prussia, finally defeating France in the Franco-Prussian War (1870), allowing him to take territories won in the wars and form the new German Empire.
unification movement in Germany
. wanted to become a more modern, unified state through Ottomanism: minimizing ethnic, linguistic, and religious differences across the empire. This actually led to more division than unity.
unification movement in Ottoman empire
textiles, steam power, iron (18th and early 19th centuries)
1st industrial revolution
2nd industrial revolution
steel, chemicals, precision machinery, electronics (late 19th and early 20th centuries)
(made to compete with cotton from India, creates textile manufacturing in Britain): women gain a bit more independence, but machines eventually replace home spinning
cottage industry
spinning jenny (weavers spun faster), water frame (waterpower to drive a spinning wheel), Interchangeable parts (parts of a machine could be replaced)
tech innovations
● Geographic Location: Atlantic Ocean seaways, abundant rivers,
● Mineral Resources: abundance of coal, will help lead to iron and later steel production
● Colonies: access to raw resources like timber, cotton, etc., trans-Atlantic Slave Trade
● Other: strong fleets, government protection of private property, growing population and migrating population (from rural to urban areas) due to enclosure movement
British advantages
while they had capital, natural resources, and water transportation (like Britain), several factors delayed French industrialization:
● Sparsely populated urban centers
● French Revolution (1789-1799)
● Wars between France and neighboring countries ($$$)
● Once they see political and economic stability, they industrialize (it’s a lot easier to invest in a factory when you don’t think your head is going to be chopped off…)
How the industrial revolution spread/evolve in france
while they also had capital, natural, resources, and water transportation (like Britain), Germany faced delayed industrialization because they were divided politically.
● Once they unify in 1871, they industrialize and become a leading producer of steel and coal
how the industrial revolution spread/evolve in Germany
also has an abundance of resources (coal, timber, iron, oil) that will evolve as the US moves west. Begins industrializing in 19th century and by 1900 is a leading industrial force.
● One major factor: human capital (people migrated to the US from political and economic hardship, mostly from Europe and East Asia)
● Transcontinental Railroad (completed 1869) contributes to growth
how the industrial revolution spread/evolve in U.S
