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mlt microbiology > Unit 5 > Flashcards

Unit 5 Flashcards

1
Q

Spirochetes are made of all of the following except

A

Helicobacter

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2
Q

What structure is responsible for motility in spirochetes?

A

Periplasmic flagella

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3
Q

Factors that can play a role in pathogenicity of Leptospira include all the following except

A

Pancytopenia in host

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4
Q

What is a leptospira infection called when it becomes a severe system disease?

A

Weil Disease

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5
Q

All of the following symptoms are characteristic of Weil disease except

A

Pneumonia

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6
Q

An animal attendant at the zoo developed symptoms that included fever, chills, headache, severe myalgia and malaise. His urinalysis revealed the presence of protein and blood. A couple of weeks earlier, the attendant was handling the chimpanzees, and one of the chimps urinated on him. What is the most likely cause of illness?

A

Leptospira

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7
Q

Acceptable specimens during the first week of leptospirosis include which of the following

A

A and B
*CSF
*blood

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8
Q

What medium is used in the laboratory to grow leptospira organisms?

A

Fletchers

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9
Q

Leptospiral organisms are susceptible to all the following antimicrobial agents except

A

Penicillin

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10
Q

What diseases do Borrelia spp. cause?

A

Lyme diease and relapsing fever

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11
Q

What organism causes relapsing fever?

A

Borrelia recurrentis

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12
Q

How are borrelia organisms transmitters to the host?

A

Arthropods

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13
Q

What is the drug of choice of treating borrelia infections?

A

Tetracyclines

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14
Q

A young woman notices a red bruised like lesion that looks like a target on her lover leg. She cannot remember getting bruised, even though she went hiking through the woods last weekend. The bruise goes away in about a week and she thinks nothing more about it. About 2 weeks later, she develops joint and bone pain, extreme fatigue, and her heart just “doesn’t feel right” What disease she have and what antimicrobial agent is used to treat it?

A

Lyme disease and doxycycline

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15
Q

All of the following disease are produced by Treponema except

A

Elephantiasis

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16
Q

A man is taking a shower and notices lesion on his penis, this is not tender but firm with a clean surface and raised edges. He goes to his physicians. The physician orders a rapid plasmin Reagin (RPR) and dark-field microscopy. Both tests are positive. What is the probable diagnosis?

A

Syphilis

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17
Q

Where on the body is the secondary syphilis rash typically seen?

A

Palms and soles

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18
Q

When does an untreated patient develop teritiary syphilis?

A

Decades after the initial infection

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19
Q

All of the following are symptoms of teritiary syphilis, except

A

Encephalitis

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20
Q

How is congenital syphilis transmitted from the mother to her unborn child?

A

Crossing the placenta

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21
Q

Early onset congenital syphilis is characterized by all the following symptoms except

A

Encephalitis

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22
Q

What is the primary method used to screen for syphilis infections?

A

Serology

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23
Q

What is an example of a nontreponemal test?

A

RPR

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24
Q

The microscopic method of choice in detecting treponemes in clinical specimens

A

Dark field microscopy

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25
Q

What is the drug of choice used to treat syphilis?

A

Penicillin

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26
Q

Once infected with borrelia recurrentis, a 2-15 day incubation period follows where high numbers of organisms are found in the blood. The infected individual experiences high fever, rigors, severe headache, muscle pains and weakness. This febrile period lasts for about 3-7 days but ends quickly with the induction of an immune response. However, a similar but less severe course of symptoms recurs several days to weeks later. What causes this relapse?

A

The organism systematically changes its surface antigens during the course of a single infection

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27
Q

What organisms are considered obligate intracellular parasites?

A

Chlamydia

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28
Q

What organisms unique life cycle contains an elementary body (EB) and a reticulate body (RB)?

A

Chlamydia

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29
Q

What has an outer membrane similar to that of many gram-negative bacteria, with the most prominent feature being the major outer membrane protein?

A

EB

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30
Q

Chylamedia trachomatis is the infection agent in all the following conditions in humans, except

A

Pharyngitis

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31
Q

What disease, caused by Chlamydia trachomatis is considered a sexually transmitted disease where the organsims enter the lymph nodes near the genital tract, resulting in bubo formation and ultimately rupturing the lymph node?

A

LGV

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32
Q

All of the following are urogenital infections in men, produced by chlamydia trachomatis except

A

Orchitis

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33
Q

A young man goes to his physicians complaining of s discharge from his penis. The physician collects a slide for Gram stain and a swab for culture and sends them to the laboratory. The Gram stain reveals greater than 25 WBC/high-power field, no bacteria seen. The culture results after 48 hours show no growth. What is the most probable diagnosis and the organism responsible?q

A

Nongonococcal urethritis, chlamydia trachomatis

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34
Q

Chlamydia thrachomatis produces all the following conditions in adult women except,

A

Bacterial vaginosis

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35
Q

Infants can contract all the following chlamydia infections when passing through the birth canal except

A

Endocarditis

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36
Q

What is the preferred technique to rapidly detect chlamydia trachomatis in clinical specimens?

A

Nucleic acid amplification test (NAAT)

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37
Q

What method is used to confirm a positive chlamydia trachomatis EIA?

A

NAAT

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38
Q

Why are antibody detection methods for chlamydia trachomatis infection severely limited in the knowledge the provide the physician?

A

Many people have antibiotics from previous infections, and local infections do not cause great increases in antibody levels

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39
Q

An invasive genital disease associated with buboes in the groin describes an infection caused by

A

Chlamydia trachomatis

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40
Q

What testing method is the method of choice for detecting antibodies to chlamydophila pneumoniae?

A

Microimmunofluorescence

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41
Q

What disease does chlamydophila psittaci cause in humans?

A

Parrot fever

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42
Q

A 4-day-old infant shows symptoms of conjunctivitis. A Geimsa stain of the conjunctival scraping shows pernicular cytoplasmic inclusions. This organism is most likely

A

C. Trachomatis serovars D-K

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43
Q

What organism causes Rocky Mountain spotted fever?

A

R. Rickettsii

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44
Q

What organism causes endemic typhus?

A

Rickettsia typhi

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45
Q

What organism causes epidemic louseborne typhus?

A

R. Prowazekii

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46
Q

What organis causes human monocytic ehrlichipsis (HME) and uses the lone star tick (Amblyomma American um) as its primary vector?

A

Ehrlichia chaffeensis

47
Q

All of the following diseases are associated with chlamydia trachomatis, except

A

Undulant fever

48
Q

Diseases caused by rickettsial organisms are typically transmitted to humans by

A

An arthropod vector

49
Q

Fifty years after this release from concentration camp, a man develops signs and symptoms of typhus. He currently has no known contacts or source of disease exposure; however, he may have had it in 1945 when he experienced similar symptoms. What is the most likely current diagnosis?

A

Brill-Zinsser syndrome

50
Q

What is the name of test used to detect rickettsial agents?

A

Weil-Felix

51
Q

Mycoplasmas are different from most other bacteria because they do not have a _______

A

Cell wall

52
Q

One of the factors that allows Mycoplasma to infect the respiratory tract and the urogenital tract is that

A

They adhere to the epithelium of mucosal surfaces an d are not eliminated by mucus secretions

53
Q

What infections agent causes the condition primary atypical pneumonia?

A

M. Pneumonia

54
Q

At-risk for contacting walking pneumonia include all the following except

A

Preschool children

55
Q

What two organisms are associated with urogenital tract infections but have also been isolated from asymptomatic individuals’?

A

Mycoplasma hominis and ureaplasma Urealyticum

56
Q

When Mycoplasma hominis invades the upper GI tract, it can cause the following:

A

All of the above
*salpingitis
*pyelonephritis
*pelvic inflammatory disease

57
Q

What organism has been recovered in Normal, sexually active females but is also associated with chorioamnionitis, congenital pneumonia, and development of chronic lung disease in premature infants?

A

Ureaplasma Urealyticus

58
Q

If a newborn has symptoms of meningitis but the CCSF is negative for both Gram stain and routine culture, what organisms should be suspected?

A

Mycoplasma hominis and ureaplasma Urealyticum

59
Q

When transporting specimen for mycoplasma culture to the laboratory, extreme care must be taken so that the specimen does not

A

All of the above
*dry out
*become contaminated
*become overgrown with bacterial normal biota

60
Q

What time frame is suitable for blood draws from serologic testing to diagnose Mycoplasma infections?

A

Onset of symptoms and 2-3 weeks later

61
Q

What test method is the most commonly used to detect antibodies to mycoplasma spp.?

A

EIA

62
Q

All of the following antimicrobial agents are used to treat mycoplasma infections, except

A

Penicillin

63
Q

Mycoplasma spp. from patient samples are visible by which staining technique?

A

Acridine orange

64
Q

Which of the following methods is used to determine the presence of growth in mycoplasma broth media?

A

Change in phenol red pH indictator

65
Q

A 10B broth inoculated with vaginal material turns alkaline after overnight incubation at 35C. Which of the following organisms should you suspect?

A

M. Hominis

66
Q

Cultures for mycoplasma pneumonia should be incubated for ______

A

21 days or more

67
Q

Which of the following stains is used to enhance the visibility of mycoplasma-like colonies?

A

Dienes stain

68
Q

Mycoplasma organisms will grow in which of the following atmospheres?

A

All of the above
*ambient
*capnopilic
*anaerobic

69
Q

Which of the following organisms was once called “T-strain mycoplasma?:

A

Ureaplasma spp.

70
Q

Which factor is added to media to provide cholesterol for mycoplasma-like organisms?

A

20% fetal calf serum

71
Q

What is the optimum incubation time for most mycobacteria associated with human diease?

A

2-6 weeks

72
Q

What mycobacterium spp. fails to grow in vitro?

A

M leprae

73
Q

All of the following are tradional characteristics used to identify mycobacteria except

A

Gram stain results

74
Q

How are mucobacterial infections typically transmitted?

A

By air

75
Q

When designing a mycobacteria laboratory, the designers should include all the following engineering controls to keep the workers safe, except

A

Positive air pressure

76
Q

What is the single most important piece of equipment in a mycobacteria laboratory?

A

Biological safety cabinet

77
Q

What is the recommended contact time for most disinfectants in mycobacteriololgy laboratory?

A

10-30 minutes

78
Q

What is the purpose of the digestion-decontamination processing of specimens submitted for mycobacterial culture?

A

To allow the chemicals decontamination’s to kill nonmycobacterial organisms

79
Q

Decontamination agents used in the decontamination-digestion process include all of the following except

A

Hydrochloric acid

80
Q

All of the these stains are commonly used to visualize mycobacteria on a smear, except

A

Acridine orange

81
Q

What media are recommended for routine culturing of specimens for the recovery of acid-fast bacilli?

A

Löwenstein-Jense(LJ) and liquid base media

82
Q

What constituent of Lu medium is added to suppress the growth of gram-positive bacteria?

A

Malachite green

83
Q

Middlebrook 7H10 and 7H11 media are enriched with all of the following except

A

Heme

84
Q

What is the most sensitive and rapid primary isolation liquid media for mycobacterium spp?

A

Middlebrook 7H12

85
Q

How long does it take to detect most mycobacterium spp. with the BACTEC method?

A

Less than 2 weeks

86
Q

What medium is recommended for the recovery of mycobacterium haemophilum?

A

Chocolate

87
Q

Microbiologist notices growth on a LJ slant that is buff color, rough and seems arranged in a cord. It has taken these organisms 4 weeks to grow. What is the most probable organism?

A

M. Tuberculosis

88
Q

What are photochromogens?

A

Species that produce carotene pigment upon exposure to light

89
Q

What are scotochrogens?

A

Species that produce pigment in the light or the dark

90
Q

What are nonchromogens?

A

Species whose colonies remain buff colored after exposure to light

91
Q

All of the following are biochemical tests for the identification of Mycobacterium spp., except

A

PYR

92
Q

All of the following are biochemical tests from the identification of mycobacterium spp. except

A

Gelatin liquefaction

93
Q

What component of mycobacteria is used for identification in nucleic acid hybridization assays?

A

Ribosomal RNA

94
Q

How has the treatment of mycobacterial disease changed in light of the mutlidrug-resistant strains of mycobacteria that are being isolated?

A

Combinations of three of four drugs are used instead of a single drug

95
Q

The CDC recommends all the following drugs for the treatment of mycobacterium tuberculosis, except

A

Ciprofloxacin

96
Q

What classifies an organism as a multi-drug resistant tuberculosis?

A

Resistance to at least isoniazid and rifampin

97
Q

What is the antigen used in the purified protein derivative (PPD) skin test?

A

A purified protein from the cell wall of M. Tuberculosis

98
Q

A child presents to his physicians with fever, a nonproductive cough and shortness of breath. The physician orders a routine sputum culture and an acid-fast bacillus culture and smear. The smear snows red organisms arranged in ropes. What is the most probable cause of this child’s fever and cough?

A

M. Tuberculosis

99
Q

If a person has had TB during his or her lifetime, how likely is it that the person will get the disease again?

A

5-15%

100
Q

The most common non tuberculosis mycobacterium (NTM) infecting humans

A

M. Avium-intracellulare complex

101
Q

A 35-year old man travels on a multidestination vacation over a 2 months period, including lengthy stops in tropical Africa and Southeast Asia. Six weeks after returning come home to the United States. He develops a productive cough, fatigue, weight loss, low-grade fever and night sweats. What disease should the physician consider as a result of his travel history?

A

TB

102
Q

A patient with Hodgkin disease is feeling bad, so he visits his physician. The physicians clinical examination reveals submandibular lymphadenitis, subcutaneous nodules, painful swellings, ulcers progressing to abscesses and draining fistulas . What organism is probably producing these symptoms?

A

M. Haemophilum

103
Q

This disease is slowly progressive, malignant and if untreated, life threatening. it is characterized by skin lesions and progressive, symmetric nerve damage. Lesions of the mucous membranes of the hose may lead to destruction of the cartilaginous septum, resulting in nasal and facial deformities. What disease is this?

A

Hansen disease

104
Q

A sputum culture from a patient in Texas has buff colored colonies growing in approximately 4 weeks. After exposure to light, the colonies turn intense yellow. This isolate is most likely

A

M. Kansasii

105
Q

All of following are examples of dimorphic fungi, except

A

Candidates albicans

106
Q

A patient with very pale patches on his arms and legs is examined at his physicians office. His physicians orders a fungal culture. The Fungus culture. The fungus shows a “spaghetti-and-meatball” appearance on the direct smear. What organism is it?

A

Malassezia furfur

107
Q

What is the causative agent of black piedra?

A

Piedraia Hortae

108
Q

What is the causative agent of tinea Nigra?

A

Hortaea werneckii

109
Q

All of the following organisms cause cutaneous mycoses except

A

Sporothrix schenckii

110
Q

Chromoblastomycosis is caused by all the following organisms, except

A

Penicillium marneffei

111
Q

What organism frequently presents in fungus ball?

A

Aspergillus fumigatus

112
Q

What organism is one of the primary opportunistic infection in AIDS patients?

A

Pneumocystis jirovecii

113
Q

For KOH to work properly, what is done to speed up the dissolution of the Keratin and skin layers?

A

Heat gently, then cool

mlt microbiology (8 decks)

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