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Biology > Unit 5 > Flashcards

Unit 5 Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

waht does dna stand for

A

deoxyribonucleic acid

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2
Q

three enzymes involved in dna replication

A

dna polymerse, helicase, dna ligase

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3
Q

what stage is dna replicated for cell division

A

interphase

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4
Q

why must dna be replicated

A

so each new cell has a complete set of dna

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5
Q

match
adenine:
cytosine:

A

thymine
guanine

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6
Q

write a sequence of dna

A

ttaacgc

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7
Q

main events of interphase

A

growth, dna replication

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8
Q

main events of prophase

A

spindle fibers grow from chromosomes, chromosomes condense

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9
Q

main events of metaphase

A

csomes line in middle by spindle fibers

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10
Q

main events of anaphase

A

csomes split into sister chromatids, spindle fibers pull apart chromatids

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11
Q

main events of telophase

A

chromatids converge on each side, new nuclei form

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12
Q

programmed cell death is called

A

apoptosis

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13
Q

three characteristics of cancer cells

A

poorly differentiated, abnormal membrane, grow abnormally

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14
Q

why do cancer cells have tumours

A

uncontrolled cell division, lack of protiens

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15
Q

three cancer treatments

A

surgery, chemotherapy, radiation

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16
Q

risk factors for developing cancer

A

age, lifestyle,family history

17
Q

primary cause of cancer

A

dna changes, cells divide uncontrollably

18
Q

compare somatic and gametic cells

A

somatic: body cells
gametic: sex cells

19
Q

what does it mean if a cell is a diploid

A

contains homologous pair

20
Q

what does it mean if a cell is a haploid

A

contains one copy of chromosomes

21
Q

haploid have what of the chromosomes of a diploid

A

half

22
Q

during meiosis what events introduce genetic variation

A

crossing over and law of independent assortment

23
Q

main events of prophase 1

A

csomes pair up and form tetrads

24
Q

metaphase one

A

csomes align in middle

25
Q

anaphase one

A

csomes pull apart, chromatids remain attached

26
Q

telophase one

A

cell divids in two

27
Q

prophase two

A

csomes contains two copies of dna

28
Q

metaphase two

A

csomes line in equator

29
Q

anaphase two

A

sister chromatids pull apart

30
Q

telophase two

A

four daughter cells form

31
Q

why must sperm and egg cells be haploids

A

to avoid genetic problems

32
Q

how are homologous chromosomes different from sister chromatids

A

sisters are identical and homologous csomes have two different csomes

33
Q

what is a karyotype

A

an individual complete set of csomes

34
Q

what is nondisjunction

A

failure of separation

35
Q

what is an abnormality produced by nondisjunction

A

down sundrome

Biology (12 decks)

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