Unit 3: Cells Flashcards
1
Eyepiece
2
Arm
3
Coarse adjustment
4
Fine adjustment
5
Base
6
Nosepiece
7
Objective lense
8
Stage
9
Diaphragm
10
Light source
The ocular lens is 10x. The objective lens is 40x. What is the total magnification?
400x
How do you increase the magnification on a microscope?
Rotate the nosepiece
What Hooke did in 1665
Saw small boxes in cork. Called them cells
what did Leeuwenhook do in 1675
Saw living cells
observed living things in pond
what did Schleiden do in 1838
Showed that all plants were made of cells
discovered thats plants are made of cells
what did Schwann do in 1839
Showed that all animals were made of cells
discovered animals are made of cells
what did Virchow do in 1858
Showed that cells come from other cells
discovered cells come from other cells
three parts of cell theory
- all living things are made of cells
- cells are the building blocks of life
- cells come from pre-existing cells
simple cells without a nucleus are
prokaryotes
complex cells with a nucleus are
eukaryotes
what are two things that all cells have
- DNA
- cell membrane
Cell type is bacteria
Does it have a
- Membrane
- Wall
- Capsule
- Membrane: Yes
- Wall: Yes
- Capsule: Some
Cell type is Plant
Does it have a
- Membrane
- Wall
- Capsule
- Membrane: Yes
- Wall: Yes
- Capsule: No
Cell type is animal
Does it have a
- Membrane
- Wall
- Capsule
- Membrane: Yes
- Wall: No
- Capsule: Nope
what does a nucleus do
- Controls the cell
- Contains DNA
What does a nucleolus do?
Makes ribosomes
what does a mitochondria do
- Powerhouse of cell
- Provides energy
what does a chloroplast do
Converts light energy to food
what does the endoplasmic reticulum do
- Transports materials
- Makes lipids
what does a golgi body do
Packages and exports proteins
what do lysosomes do
Breaks down waste
What does a cytoskeleton do
Supports the cell interior
what does a cell membrane do
controls what enters/leaves the cell
what does a cell wall do
supports the cell
what is a cell membrane made of
- Phospholipids
- Proteins
What type of cell (Animal, Plant, or both) has a Nucleus
Both
What type of cell (Animal, Plant, or both) has a Nucleolus
Both
What type of cell (Animal, Plant, or both) has a Mitochondria
Both
What type of cell (Animal, Plant, or both) has a Chloroplast
Plant
What type of cell (Animal, Plant, or both) has a Endoplasmic Reticulum
Both
What type of cell (Animal, Plant, or both) has a Golgi Body
Both
What type of cell (Animal, Plant, or both) has a Lysosome
Both
What type of cell (Animal, Plant, or both) has a Cytoskeleton
Both
What type of cell (Animal, Plant, or both) has a Cell Membrane
Both
What type of cell (Animal, Plant, or both) has a Cell Wall
Plant
what is the difference between
active and passive transport
- active requires energy input from the cell
- passive does not
two kinds of passive transport
- diffusion
- facilitated diffusion
three kinds of active transport
- Protein pumps
- exocytosis
- endocytosis
what is it called when molecules in a fluid disburse until they are evenly distributed
equilibrium
Molecules tend to move from an area of ____ concentration to an area of ____ concentration
high to low
what is osmosis
Diffusion of water across a semi-permeable membrane
what happens to a cell in a istonic solution
it stays the same
what happens to a cell in a hypotonic solution
it will fill with water and may expand or burst
what happens to a cell in a hypertonic solution
It will lose water and shrink
a plant cell in a hypotonic solution will experience increased
turgor pressue
a plant cell in a hypertonic solution will experience
plasmolysis
which is the phospholipid
top right arrow
which is the fatty acid
middle right arrow
which is the phosphate head
bottom right arrow
which is the protein pump
left arrow
why are small cel able to survive better than large cells
they have a high surface area to volume ratio and it is easier to replace smaller cells
