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Biology > Unit 2 Study Guide > Flashcards

Unit 2 Study Guide Flashcards

1
Q

How are carbohydrates used by organisms?

A

Short term energy

Structural Support

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2
Q

How are nucleic acids used by organisms?

A

Store and pass on hereditary information

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3
Q

How are lipids used buy organisms?

A

Long term energy storage

Insulation

Water proofing

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4
Q

How are proteins used by organisms?

A

Structural support

Helping chemical reactions

Cell transport

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5
Q

Examples of Carbohydrates

A

Starch

Cellulose

Glucose

Sucrose

Lactose

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6
Q

Examples of lipids

A

Fat

Oil

Wax

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7
Q

Examples of proteins

A

Enzymes

Hemoglobin

Insulin

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8
Q

Examples of nucleic acids

A

DNA

RNA

ATP

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9
Q

What biochemical process creates polymers from monomers?

A

Dehydration synthesis

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10
Q

What biochemical process breaks down polymers into monomers?

A

Hydrolysis

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11
Q

How are enzymes usually named?

A

After the substrate they act on

They often end in -ase

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12
Q

How do enzymes help chemical reactions happen?

A

They lower the activation energy required to start the reactions

Make the reactions happen faster

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13
Q

What is another name for Enzymes

A

Biological Catalysts

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14
Q

What does it mean for an enzyme to become denatured?

A

It’s shape is changed so its active site no longer fits the substrate and it does not function

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15
Q

What might cause denaturation?

A

Changes in pH

Temperature

Exposure to radiation

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16
Q

List 4 macromolecules found in living things?

A

Carbohydrates

Lipid

Nucleic Acid

Protein

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17
Q

Why is carbon the most important element in macromolecules

A

It can bond with up to 4 other atoms

More than any other common element

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18
Q

The polymer for the monomer Monosaccharide

A

Carbohydrate

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19
Q

The polymer for the monomer Nucleotide

A

Nucleic Acid

20
Q

The polymer for the monomer Fatty Acid / Glycerol

21
Q

The polymer for the monomer Amino Acid

22
Q

The monomer for the polymer Nucleic Acid

A

Nucleotide

23
Q

The monomer for the polymer Protein

A

Amino Acid

24
Q

The monomer for the polymer Carbohydrate

A

Monosaccharide

25
Q

The monomer for the polymer Lipid

A

Fatty acid / glycerol

26
Q

Explain how the capillary action property of water helps support life

A

Water travels up plant vascular tissue from roots to leaves

27
Q

Explain how the high heat capacity property of water helps support life

A

Water in the oceans and atmosphere stabilizes climate because it can absorb a lot of the sun’s heat

28
Q

Explain how the universal solvent property of water helps support life

A

Biochemical reactions occur when chemicals are dissolved in water

29
Q

What are the 6 special properties of water

A
  • Cohesion
  • Adhesion
  • Capillary Action
  • High Surface Tension
  • High Heat Capacity
  • Universal Solvent
30
Q

Explain how the high surface tension property of water helps support life

A

Insects can walk on water

31
Q

What is the Cohesion property of water

A

Water molecules are attracted to each other

32
Q

What is the Adhesion property of water

A

Water molecules are attracted to other molecules

33
Q

What is the Capillary Action property of water

A

Water will travel up narrow tubes

34
Q

What is the High Surface Tension property of water

A

Molecules form a ‘skin’ at the waters surface

35
Q

What is the High Heat Capacity property of water

A

Water absorbs or releases a lot of energy before its temperature changes

36
Q

What is the Universal Solvent property of water

A

Water can dissolve many different chemicals (Solutes)

37
Q

In what sense is water a polar molecule?

A

It has a partial negative charge on the oxygen side

And a partial positive charge on the hydrogen side

38
Q

Describe how a hydrogen bond works

A

The positively charged hydrogen end of a water molecule is attracted to the negatively charged oxygen end of another water molecule

39
Q

What is the different between ionic and covalent bonds

A

Ionic - ionic bonds involve the transfer of electrons from one atom to another. The 2 atoms are held together by their opposite charges

Covalent - covalent bonds involve atoms sharing electrons so each may fill their outer electron shell

40
Q

What element is represented by the symbol C

41
Q

What element is represented by the symbol H

42
Q

What element is represented by the symbol O

43
Q

What element is represented by the symbol N

44
Q

What element is represented by the symbol P

A

Phosphorous

45
Q

What element is represented by the symbol S

46
Q

Elements may contain a variable number of neutrons in their atoms

What are these variations called?

Biology (12 decks)

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