Unit 5 Flashcards
This purchase was one of Jefferson’s most important episodes as president. He bought this piece of land from the French.
the Louisiana Territory
Even before the treaty had become final, Jefferson sent these explorers to survey the area.
Lewis and Clark
The Supreme Court also made history in its decision in this case.
Marbury v. Madison
During his last weeks in office, anticipating the takeover of Jefferson and the republicans, President John Adams appointed a large number of federal judge- the so called ?
Midnight appointments
William Marbury, who had been appointed to judgeship, sued the government for his position and the case appeared before the supreme court with this Chief Justice.
John Marshall
Marshall’s great victory was to secure for the Supreme Court the precedent of passing judgment on a law’s constitutionality, known as ?, which refutes the Virginia and Kentucky Resolutions.
Judicial Review
One problem involved this group off the northern coast of Africa.
Barbary Pirates
In 1807, this U.S Ship was fired upon and then boarded by a British ship searching for “deserters.”
the Chesapeake
In addition, Napoleon attempted to blockade the coast of Europe to cut off all british trade, and in a series of decrees (the ? 1806 and the ?? 1807) proclaimed that any ship trading with Britain would be subject to seizure by the French.
?- Berlin Decree
??- Milan Decree
The British responded in 1807 with this, which threatened the same to ships trading with the continent.
Orders in Council
This forbade any American ship to sail to any foreign port.
the Embargo Act of 1807
In 1809, congress repealed the Embargo Act and replaced it with this, which merely forbade trade with France and Britain.
Nonintercourse Act
In 1809, this man replaced Jefferson as president.
James Madison
in 1810, in an attempt to satisfy American shippers hurt by the nonintercourse act, Congress passed this which opened all of europe to American merchants.
Macon’s Bill #2
The congressional election of 1810 brought to office a group of congressmen who became known as ?
War Hawks
? from Kentucky and ?? of South Carolina were prominent among the War Hawks. They thought war would give them Canada.
?- Henry Clay
??- John C. Calhoun
Led by this Shawnee Chief, tribes from Florida and upper Missouri had banded together to oppose further white expansion into lands guaranteed to the Indians by the treaty.
Tecumseh
In 1811, this man was able to inflict a serious defeat on Tecumseh’s forces at ? (fought while Tecumseh himself was absent.
Gov. William Henry Harrison
?- Battle of Tippecanoe
In 1813, American forces under this man defeated the British Naval forces on Lake Erie, permitting Gen. Harrison to raid Toronto and burn the Parliament buildings.
Capt. Oliver Perry
The British were unsuccessful in their attempts to capture Fort McHenry. (During this attack, this man wrote “the Star Spangled Banner”)
Francis Scott Key
In 1814, representatives from five New England states met at this.
the Hartford Convention
They sent a delegation to Washington with a report calling for certain changes in the Constitution, including limiting a president to a single term, prohibiting successive presidents from the same state (aimed at this: Washington, Jefferson, Madison, and later Monroe), eliminating the Three-Fifths compromise, and supporting the concept of nullification.
Virginia Dynasty
However, by the time the delegation arrived in Washington early in 1815, news of this man’s victory at New Orleans had arrived. a wave of patriotic feeling was sweeping the capital, and the New Englanders never formally delivered their report.
Andrew Jackson
In 1813, Francis Cabot Lowell formed the Boston Manufacturing company and, building upon the British example, he and his associates quickly extended the ? of large scale factory production to new areas of Massachusetts.
Waltham System
In 1815, president Madison sent to Congress a set of proposals that Henry Clay termed this. Included in these were the following:
- funding for a strong national defense, including new frigates for the navy, a standing army, and federal control over state militias
- a protective tariff, designed largely to protect industries
- federal funds for roads and canals (internal improvements)
- the establishment of a ? (the first having expired in 1811)
American System
?-a Second National Bank
However, Madison then vetoed this, sponsored by John Calhoun, which provided funds to build roads and canals in the south, because he had come to feel that it was unconstitutional for the national government to spend money for projects wholly within a single state.
the Bonus Bill
On the international scene, in 1817, the U.S. and Great Britain signed this which provided that neither country would fortify the great lakes region, a principle eventually (1872) applied to the entire border between U.S. and Canada.
Rush-Bagot Agreement
After James Monroe was elected president in 1818, the U.S. and Spain signed this (1819) wherein Spain gave up her claims to Florida.
Adams-Onis treaty
After hesitating and consulting his cabinet, especially this Secretary of State, President Monroe demanded that Spain either control the Indians or sell Florida to the U.S.
John Quincy Adams
The Adams-Onis Treaty also set a boundary between Spanish Territory and any territory the U.S. might subsequently acquire all the way to the Pacific Ocean. It is therefore sometimes called this.
Transcontinental Treaty
In this case, the court prohibited New Hampshire from modifying the charter that established Dartmouth College.
Dartmouth College v. Woodward
More important was the decision in this case. The state of Maryland, attempting to defend it’s own banking industry, placed a tax on out-of-state banks doing business within the state; the second national bank was the only such institution.
McCulloch v. Maryland
Henry Clay ultimately devised this, whereby the territory of Maine was separated from Massachusetts and granted statehood at the same time as Missouri, which came in as a slave state.
the Missouri Compromise
The Supreme Court considered whether an individual state could pass laws affecting interstate trade in this case, which dealt with a New York law granting a steamship monopoly on the Hudson River. The court decided that only the national government had such authority.
Gibbons v. Ogden
With the fall of Napoleon, conservative European leaders organized into this.
Quadruple Alliance
To forestall any such attempt, in 1824 Monroe issued a declaration that became known as this, though it was largely the work of John Quincy Adams. In it he declared that:
- The western hemisphere was no longer open to colonization
- any attempt to undermine existing governments in the hemisphere would be regarded as a hostile act toward the U.S.
- the U.S. would not intervene in European affairs and expected European nations to avoid involvement in the American hemisphere.
the Monroe Doctrine
When it came time for this, there was no formal opposition to the republican party, but the party had no single leader either.
election of 1824
Jackson’s supporters cried that a ? had been struck between John Quincy Adams and Henry Clay during the election.
a Corrupt Bargain
The tariff of 1828 quickly became known as ?, which raised the level of tariffs to a new high. This appears to have been passed with the expectation that Adams would have to veto it because its rates were so steep, which would cost Adams northern support.
Tariff of Abominations
In several ways, this can be regarded as the first modern election.
Election of 1828
Written ballots, which were easier to use, were introduced, and this, whereby candidates were selected in private meeting of politicians, was replaced with the system of more open convention.
Caucus System
In reaction to the tariff of 1828, John Calhoun anonymously wrote this, in which he set forth in formal terms the theory of “nullification.”
South Carolina Exposition and Protest
The Calhoun brought up was brought to national attention in 1829 when Senator Samuel Foote suggested that the sale of lands in the west be curtailed. What was this resolution called?
Foote Resolution
In 1830, the issue brought up by Calhoun and Foote led to this on the Senate Floor.
Webster-Hayne Debate
This senator countered Hayne’s debate with a formal repudiation of nullification for the chaos it would cause the union.
Daniel Webster
Simultaneously, Congress voted for this, which authorized the president to use federal troops to enforce the federal law.
the Force Bill
After he took office, Jackson followed a controversial practice known as ?- the policy of assigning government offices to one’s supporters.
Spoils System
However, in this case (1831), the supreme court ruled that the Cherokees were a “domestic, dependent nation” and entitled to the land they held, within Georgia and elsewhere.
Cherokee Nation v. Georgia
Beginning in 1838, the Indians were driven to new reservations in the Oklahoma territory. So many Indians perished on the trip that it became known as this.
The Trail of Tears
In 1831, a black Virginia preacher, ?, led an unsuccessful slave uprising in which many, both white and black, died.
Nat Turner
This year also saw the beginning of this, with the publication of ?’s paper, the ??, in Boston.
Abolitionist Movement
?- William Lloyd Garrison’s
??- The Liberator
The movement Garrison starts gained support from others including these sisters.
Angelina and Sarah Grimke
Jackson then deposited these funds in various ? around the country.
Pet Banks
Fearful of growing trends toward speculation and debt, Jackson issued this, which required that all lands purchased form the national government had to be paid for with gold or silver, rather than paper currency.
Specie Circular
Also in 1836, the House of Reps passed a measure, ?, that forbade discussion of any petitions hostile to slavery.
the Gag Laws
In this, Martin Van Buren, Jackson’s hand picked candidate, was elected president.
Election of 1836
Van Buren was immediately faced with the financial ?, brought on in part by the specie circular, which quickly grew into a full scale depression.
Panic of 1837
This ? was significant not only for the modern style of its public image making, but also because the Whigs, to the frustration of the Democrats, won by putting aside social elitism and openly courting “the common man.”
Election of 1836
