unit 4

Question 1

This western Massachusetts farmer and a fomer captain in the reveloutionary army led a rebelion in 1786, refusing to permit further foreclosures on farms and demanding that large quantities of paper money be printed and tax relief be offered farmers.

Answer 1

Daniel Shays

Question 2

In 1787, Congress passed this, which outlined the various steps to be taken by the territories in the northwest on their way to statehood.

Answer 2

Northwest Ordinance of 1787

Question 3

During the fall of 1786, delegates from five states met in this convention in Annapolis, Maryland to discuss altering the articles.

Answer 3

Annapolis Convention

Question 4

Led by this man of New York, these delegates called for another convention to meet in Philadelphia in the spring of 1787.

Answer 4

Alexander Hamilton

Question 5

In this compromise: Smaller states favored a legislative structure similar to the Articles wherein each state, regardless of the population, is represented equally; larger states felt that their relative size should be taken into consideration. The solution: a bicameral (two-house) system wherein each state receives two delegates in the Senate and a number of delegates reflecting the state’s relative population in the house of Representatives. For a proposal to become law, it has to pass both houses in identical form.

Answer 5

The Great Compromise

Question 6

In this compromise: Slave states wanted all slaves counted as population for the purpose of determining the number of delegates a state had in the House of Representatives but not for the purpose of determining the state’s tax quota. The solution: Three-fifths of the slaves would be counted for both purposes.

Answer 6

The Three-Fifths Compromise

Question 7

In this compromise: Southern states, heavily dependent on European markets for their produce, were unwilling to grant national government the power to tax such exports; many northerners felt the new government should have the right to regulate both interstate and international trade. The solution: Congress could regulate interstate trade and could place tariffs on imports but not exports.

Answer 7

The Commece Compromise

Question 8

Several states made it a condition of ratification that this be amended to the Constitution immediatley after ratification to further protect individual freedoms.

Answer 8

a Bill of Rights

Question 9

The proposed Constituiton encountered considerable opposition in some quarters from those called ?

Answer 9

Anti-Federalists

Question 10

To persuade voters in New York, Alexander Hamilton, James Madison, and John Jay wrote this, a series of articles supporting various aspects of the new government.

Answer 10

the Federalist Papers

Question 11

The most famous of these essays, Madison’s ?, argues that the national government will offer safe defense of property from the passions of political factions.

Answer 11

Federalist #10

Question 12

This group (established under the constitution and charged wiht the responsibility of making the actual selection) unanimously elected George Washington president.

Answer 12

Electoral College

Question 13

George Washington developed the concept of this to advise him.

Answer 13

a Cabinet

Question 14

The first cabinet included Alexander Hamilton as Secretary of Treasury and this man as Secretary of State (in charge of the nation’s foreign affairs)

Answer 14

Thomas Jefferson

Question 15

Soon two political parties crystallized: ? (Hamilton and those agreeing with him) and ?? (or “Anti-Federalists:” Jefferson, Madison, and their followers).

Answer 15

?- Federalists

??- Republicans

Question 16

Madison and Jefferson argued that such a bank was beyond the legitimate scope of the national government since the Constitution nowhere specifically grants the national government the ability to create such a bank (this became knows as the ? approach to the constitution).

Answer 16

Strict Constructionist

Question 17

Hamilton, on the other hand, argued that the Constitution contained an “implied power” for such an institution (this approach was ?)

Answer 17

Broad or Loose Construction

Question 18

Hamilton proposed that the country’s ? be protected from European competition, especially British, by means of a high ?? on foreign imports.

Answer 18

?- Infant Industries

??- Protective Tariff

Question 19

A major technological development occured in 1793 when inventor ? perfected the ??

Answer 19

?- Eli Whitney

??- Cotton Gin

Question 20

In 1793, this man was sent to the U.S. to stir up support for France’s war against Great Britain and to encourage American expeditions against British ally Spain in Florida and Louisiana.

Answer 20

Citizen Genet

Question 21

However, Washington issued this, and Citizen Genet was relieved of his position by the French government.

Answer 21

a Proclamation of Neutrality

Question 22

In this treaty: England had not abandoned its forts in the Northwest as agreed in the Treaty of Paris (1783) and was thought to be encouraging Indian unrest in the region. England, for her part, argued that the U.S. had failed to honor its obligations under the same treaty to the Loyalists and British merchants. In addition, British ships, at war with France, were seizing American ships trading with the French West Indies and were also boarding American ships to seize sailors whom the British claimed were deserters from British ships (called ?). The treaty secured British withdrawal from the Northwest forts but failed to settle the maritime issues. It was recieved unenthusiastically in the senate and barely ratified. The British practice of ? continued.

Answer 22

Jay’s Treaty

?- impressment

Question 23

This treaty:Spain agreed to open the Mississippi “in its whole length from its source to the ocean” to American shipping, permitted American use of the port of new orleans for three years, and clarified the northern border of Florida.

Answer 23

Pickney’s Treaty

Question 24

This treaty: In 1794, Gen. “Mad Anthony” Wayne defeated the Indians of the Northwest at the Battle of Fallen Timbers. In 1795, the Indians agreed to abandon most of the Northwest to white settlement.

Answer 24

The Treaty of Greenville

Question 25

Washington’s ? in 1796 ( largely written by Hamilton) carried within it several points:

• It established the tradition of the president serving no more than two terms (not broken until FDR in 1940)
• It warned that the U.S. was still an experiment in Republican government, and warned against “partisanship”
• It expressed dismay at growing sectionalism and its dangers
• It suggested that in foreign affairs, the U.S. should avoid foreign entanglements.

Answer 25

Farewell Address

Question 26

This became known as the ?, since the French agents were so designated in official reports.

Answer 26

XYZ Affair

Question 27

In 1798, they passed a series of measures known as this.

Answer 27

Alien and Sedition Acts

Question 28

In response to the Alien and Sedition acts, the legislatures of Virginia and Kentucky set forth declarations known as ?

Answer 28

the Virginia and Kentucky Resolutions

Question 29

In this, Republicans Thomas Jefferson and Aaron Burr defeated Adams.

Answer 29

Election of 1800

Question 30

Jefferson referred to this election and the transfer of power from the federalists to the republicans as ?

Answer 30

the Revolution of 1800