Unit 2 Flashcards
The first English settlement off the coast of Virginia was organized by..
Sir Walter Raleigh
The first English settlement was a colony of the coast of Virginia
Roanoke Island
In 1607 the Virginia company established a colony
Jamestown
A military type of discipline barely saved Jamestown in 1608. By who?
Captain John smith
In 1617 the Virginia company in its efforts to stabilize a population and assure a reliable labor force instituted this
Headright system
Those who financed the passage of poorer laborers received a headright grant for each of them, to be awarded when their terms as
Indentured servants
The company in 1619 allowed Virginians to elect delegates to….which became the first representative assembly in North America
House of Burgesses
Two factors saved the endangered Virginia colony: tobacco and the aid of Algonkin chief…
Powhattan
After Powhattan’s death, his brother ? sensed an error in this view and led an attack on the settlement
Opechancanough
King James revoked its charter and this colony became a ? under direct governance of the crown
Royal colony
First planted there by ? in 1611, it was exported to England six years later. (Tobacco)
John Rolfe
The Slavs trade from western Africa to the West Indies grew steadily from that point with Africans suffering horrible conditions on this…as the voyage was called
Middle Passage
In 1632, Maryland was founded by
Cecilius Calvert , lord Baltimore
It was a ? Which meant that it had been given to Calvert as his own possession to manage it as he saw fit
Proprietary colony
Social and political conditions in VA remained unsettled through the seventeenth century as evidence by ? In 1676
Bacon’s rebellion
The organizers of this group were the pilgrims or as they called themselves…
Separatists
The separatists, under the leadership of ? Comprised only a third of the mayflowers passengers
William Bradford
While still aboard the ship, anticipating some social tension in the settlement they were about to found, the passengers drew up and signed the ?, an early instance of self government in North America that also set a tone for social order in New England quite different from the conditions then prevailing in Virginia
Mayflower compact
In 1630, the puritans, another group of Protestant settlers, reached Massachusetts under the leadership of ? and the auspices of the Massachusetts bay company
John Winthrop
A young preacher named ? emerged as a dissident voice that would not be stilled by threat or persuasion.
Roger Williams
In 1636, discontented with certain religious practices in Massachusetts and attracted by land, this man led a group of followers away and formed a new colony in Connecticut
Thomas Hooker
More disturbing than Williams and hooker was ?
Anne Hutchinson
In 1634, Hutchinson began to object to sermons of the religious leaders of the community, insisting that gods gifts were instilled mystically into each individual, a doctrine called ?
Antinomianism
Another woman, ?, was also condemned in Massachusetts
Mary Dyer
Initially this (depopulated coastline) enabled them to expand their landholding with little friction, but that ceased when they encountered the ? tribe, which had not been touch by the epidemic
Pequot
In 1671, a wamponoag chief named ? (Aka king Phillip) tried to reverse this trend and unite all the regional tribes in a war against the whites
Metacomet
With the help of the young philosopher ?, they drew up the ? in 1669, outlining a console government that limited political rights and patterns of land use, while guaranteeing that 40 percent of the land would always remain in the hands of a hereditary aristocracy
- John Locke
2. Fundamental Constitutions of Carolina
The tensions of south Carolina’s slave based society would erupt in the ? of 1739, the largest slave revolt of the colonial period
Stono rebellion
In 1733, this man brought a group of debtors from England to found the colony of Georgia
James Oglethorpe
In the mid 1660’s, this man, a well connected Englishman whose father was close to King Charles II converted to Quakerism
William Penn
From the 1730s to the 1760’s, a wave of religious revivalism swept the colonies, beginning with the work of ? in Massachusetts, then focusing on the evangelical efforts of ?
- Jonathan Edwards
2. George Whitefield
The fervor stirred up in the ? led to competition between different denominations, which in turn tended to weaken support for formally established religion and to encourage the separation of church and state
Great Awakening
Like other European rulers of his time, Charles II was influenced by the theory of ?, which viewed economic life as a direct competition for wealth against other nations
Mercantilism
England enacted these mercantile policies in a series of tree laws known as the ?, which applied to all of her North American colonies
Navigation acts
In this same year, parliament established the ?, a board to oversee colonial affairs.
Lords of Trade and Plantations
Connecticut, Rhode Island, Plymouth, Massachusetts bay, New Hampshire, and shortly afterword New York and New Jersey were all combined to form the ? under the governorship of ?
- Dominion of New England
2. Sir Edmund Andros
This trend toward stiff control was suddenly altered in 1688 with the ?, which toppled James II and the Stuart family from power
Glorious revolution
This revealed rifts in New York’s economy and society that remained for decades
Leisler’s rebellion
The upheavals of authority in the years before and after the glorious revolution may have been a factor in the tension that erupted in 1692 with the ?
Witchcraft trials in Salem Massachusetts
William and Mary, England’s new rulers, replaced the lords of trade and plantations with a new ? to oversee the navigation acts
Board of trade
In 2732, to protect British sugar growers in the West Indies, parliament passed the ?, which put a tax on cheaper French molasses being imported into the colonies
Molasses act
For the next 50 years or more, the colonies entered a period of ?, during which they could work out their own fortunes with only minimal direction from England.
Salutary neglect
The French, on their side, often had more organized armies and could draw on far more support from the Indian tribes, with the crucial exception of the powerful ?
Iroquois league
The final phase of this conflict began in 1754 with the ?, known in America as the ?
- Seven years war
2. french and Indian war
At a congress in Albany, New York, in June of that year, this man, fearing the troubles to come, proposed a plan for uniting the colonies under a federal council, with representatives from each one and a presiding official appointed by the crown
Benjamin Franklin
To Franklin’s disgust, not one of them approved this
Albany plan of union
In 1759, English general ? defeated the French general ? for possession of Quebec in a battle which both men died
- James Wolfe
2. Louis Joseph, Marquis De Montcalm
The war took a few more years to end elsewhere in the world, but when the ? was signed in 1763, it ended the power of the French in North America
Treaty of Paris
