exam Flashcards
English law that forbade settlement west of the Allegheny Mountains
Proclamation Line of 1763
A new tax on molasses
sugar act
Representatives from different colonies who met to draft a formal protest of the Stamp Act
stamp act congress
Group who used noncompliance, propaganda, and acts of violence to intimidate officials from collecting tax
sons of liberty
Proclaimed Parliament’s right to pass laws for colonies, “in all cases whatsoever.”
Declaratory Act
Which permitted British officials to search colonial homes and warehouses for smuggled goods
Writs of Assistance
A radical Boston propagandist
Samuel Adams
Incident in which five colonist’s were killed by the British, Samuel Adams gave the incident it’s name
Boston Massacre
A group formed in North America, which encouraged colonial resistance to the British
Committees of Correspondence
An act of protest by Bostonians in 1773, where the protesters dressed up as Indians and ascended onto an East India Ship at anchor and then threw it’s cargo into the harbor, this was a protest against the ?
Boston Tea Party
?-Tea Act
Act passed by parliament in 1774 which provided administration for the Canadian lands acquired form France by the Treaty of Paris in 1763
Quebec Act
A gathering held in Philadelphia in September of 1774. At this gathering they passed John Adam’s ?
Continental Congress
?- Declaration of Rights and Grievances
Where Washington’s forces spent the winter after unsuccessful attempts at defeating Howe
Valley Forge
Pamphlet written by Thomas Paine in which he argued that the colonies had no other choice but to sever themselves completely from Great Britain
Common Sense
General who suffered great losses in battles in North and South Carolina
General Cornwallis
A western Massachusetts farmer who led a rebellion in 1786
Daniel Shays
An outline of the various steps needed to be taken by the territories in the Northwest in order to become states
Northwest Ordinance of 1787
Leader of Annapolis Convention, who called for another convention to be held in Philadelphia in the spring of 1787 to address economic issues in the U.S.
Alexander Hamilton
For a proposal to become law, it has to pass both houses in identical form
Great Compromise/Connecticut Compromise
Only three-fifths of the slaves of a certain state would be counted when trying to learn the states population
Three-Fifths compromise
Congress can regulate interstate trade and could place tariffs on imports but not exports
commerce compromise
Many states wanted this to be amended in the Constitution immediately after ratification to further protect individual freedoms
Bill of Rights
Those who opposed the Constitution
Anti-Federalists
A series of articles written by Alexander Hamilton, James Madison and John Jay in which they talk about how they support various aspects of the new government
Federalist Papers
Ratified in 1788, this would take the place of the Articles of Confederation
Constitution
The radicals, a faction of the regular republican party were on a crusade against the institution of slavery and supported immediate emancipation
Radical Republicans
Amendment that protected rights against state infringements, defined citizenship, prohibited states from interfering with privileges and immunities, required due process and equal protection of the laws, punished states for denying the right to vote, disqualified ex-confederate officials from holding office and repudiated the Confederate debts. Ratifying this amendment restored the Union to the southern states that had seceded.
14th Amendment
Tennessee native, who was speaker of the house, and a senator up until 1859. Bell was one of the few southern politicians against the expansion of slavery, even though he, himself, was a slave owner. He campaigned vigorously against secession.
John Bell
American abolitionist and author of, Uncle Tom’s Cabin
Harriet Beecher Stowe
1896 court case in which the supreme court upheld the position of the southern states that, “separate but equal,” facilities for the races were not discriminatory
Plessy v Ferguson
Black leader who was convinced that only when blacks had
Booker T Washington
Establish Hull House in Chicago, one of the first “settlement” houses in which people came to live among the poor in an attempt to improve the living conditions and the moral of slum life
Jane Addams
Congress passes this act in 1887, which sought to “Americanize” the Indians, by breaking up tribes and giving families 160 acres of farm lands
Dawes Act
Act signed by Abe Lincoln in 1862, which greatly encouraged the settlement of the west
Homestead Act
Leader of the American Railway Union
Eugene V Debs
Historian who after collecting data from the census bureau in 180, which indicated for the first time there was an unbroken line of settlement from coast to coast and that America’s frontier had disappeared
Frederick Jackson Turner
Due to the ethnic groups not wanting to “melt” together, urban politicians were able to build up extremely tightly knit and loyal blocks of voters for local “bosses” (Kind of like the Godfather)
Machine Politics
Laws passed in 1876 enforcing segregation of African Americans
Jim Crow Laws
Act that states its illegal to cause, “restraint of trade or commerce,” by combining businesses to form monopolies
Sherman Anti-Trust Act
Party that met in Omaha in 1892. They expressed an emotional reaction against what was perceived as, “the moral, political and material ruin of the nation.”
Populist Party
Provided that the United States could intervene directly in Cuba’s affairs to preserve its independence and also gave the U.S. long-term leases to valuable naval bases
Platt Amendment
Division of the country into 12 districts, each with its own Federal Reserve Bank, owned collectively by the member banks of the district and controlled by a Federal Reserve Board appointed by the President
Federal Reserve System
Canal built under Roosevelt’s administration in order to gain dominance in the Caribbean. In 1901 the project began.
Panama Canal
Sight of 1912 Republican convention, in which Roosevelt does not receive the presidential nomination, also the sight of the Haymarket Riots
Chicago
Former Governor of this state, Woodrow Wilson, wins the Presidential race in 1912, and reelection in 1916. Also this state was a huge reason the Industrial Revolution was so successful
New Jersey
Battle between the Native Americans and U.S. soldiers of the seventh Calvary, under command of George Custer. The Calvary lost badly, losing many lives, including Custer’s.
Little Big Horn
In 1900 this man was elected Governor of Wisconsin, thus beginning a career as a political reformer that would eventually take him to the senate and to a campaign for the presidency
Robert LaFollette
A call for action by Theodore Roosevelt which included far greater involvement of the federal government in overseeing the economy for the welfare of all people
New Nationalism
Act passed by congress that would limit coinage of silver coins with a ration of precious metal of 16 to 1 compared to gold coins
Bland-Allison Act
Caused a great debate in many elections, whether this metal, or silver should be used as the coinage of the country.
gold
Great orator, who lost three presidential elections for the democrats, eventually he is named Woodrow Wilson’s secretary of state
William Jennings Bryan
Act that established the Federal Trade Commission, a five person board to search out and prevent business practices “in restraint of trade”
Federal Trade Commission
A powerful railroad trust owned by JP Morgan, John D. Rockerfeller, James J. Hill, and E.H. Harriman. Eventually the supreme court, by a 5-4 vote, dissolved this company
Northern Securities
President handpicked by Theodore Roosevelt, he only was president for one term from 1908-1912
William Howard Taft
Party Roosevelt ran under during the 1912 election, also called the Progressive party
Bull Moose Party
Under Pancho Villa, civil strife continued in this country. Wilson ordered American troops to pursue Villa. As war in Europe threatened in 1917, Wilson withdrew his forces
Mexico
U.S. battleship anchored in Havana harbor that mysteriously blew up. The press accused the Spanish of this attack, thus calling for war.
Maine
In 1900 Chinese nationalist’s attempted to expel foreigners in this rebellion.
Boxer Rebellion
When Venezuela needs help over a border dispute, President Cleveland interprets this doctrine to say that the U.S. was, “practically sovereign on this soil,” and threatened war if the British attempted to take the disputed land by force
Monroe Doctrine
Act that set aside 14,000 government jobs (15% of the total) as “classified” meaning that they were to be awarded on the basis of performance on a competitive examination administered by a nonpartisan civil service administration.
Pendleton Act
Act that states its illegal to cause, “restraint of trade or commerce,” by combining businesses to form monopolies
Sherman Anti-Trust Act
Party that met in Omaha in 1892. They expressed an emotional reaction against what was perceived as, “the moral, political and material ruin of the nation.”
Populist Party
Provided that the United States could intervene directly in Cuba’s affairs to preserve its independence and also gave the U.S. long-term leases to valuable naval bases
Platt Amendment
Division of the country into 12 districts, each with its own Federal Reserve Bank, owned collectively by the member banks of the district and controlled by a Federal Reserve Board appointed by the President
Federal Reserve System
Canal built under Roosevelt’s administration in order to gain dominance in the Caribbean. In 1901 the project began.
Panama Canal
Act signed by Abe Lincoln in 1862, which greatly encouraged the settlement of the west
Homestead Act
A company established to handle the Union Pacific Railroad, but the directors of this new company were also directors of the railroad
Credit Mobilier
Governor of New York, selected by the democrats in the election of 1884, which he wins, however he lost reelection to Benjamin Harrison in 1888, but won the presidency once again in 1892.
Grover Cleveland
The McKinley tarrif of 1890 raised a barrier against the sale of Hawaiian sugar to the United States. In 1893, Americans overthrew the monarch of Haiwaii. Hawaii was formally annexed to the United States in the midst of the Spanish-American war in 1898
Hawaiian Islands
American colony in the pacific after the Spanish-American war, this colony posed as a problem because of their rebel groups, which the Americans had to put down in 1902
Philippines
Journalists and novelists who attacked corruption in business and politics as well as oppression in social conditions
Muckrakers
An Amendment in the constitution that began a federal graduated income tax
16th Amendment
Country opened up to America by the use of trade in 1852. President Roosevelt negotiated a peace treaty with this country and Russia, but the relationship with Japan and the U.S. began to deteriorate, particularly during Wilson’s administration.
Japan
Large-scale factory production in Massachusetts founded by Francis Cabot Lowell
Waltham System
Set of proposals from James Madison to congress, Henry Clay gave them this name
American System
Case in which the state of Maryland, attempted to put a tax on out-of-state banks doing business within the state. In this case Marshall says the government had a broad range of, “implied powers,” and due to this case the government gained substantial power in areas heretofore reserved to the states.
McCulloch vs Maryland
Agreement signed in 1817 between Great Britain and the United States which provided that neither country would fortify the Great Lakes region
Rush-Bagot Agreement
Treaty signed by the U.S. and Spain in 1819 wherein Spain gave up her claims to Florida
Adams-Onis Treaty
Jackson’s supporters accused Clay and Adams of striking up one of these
Corrupt Bargain
Act passed in 1828 by congress in which they raised the level of tariffs to a new high
Tariff of Abominations
Debate in 1830 by Senator Hayne of South Carolina and ? of Massachusetts about what nullification would do to the nation
Webster-Hayne Debate
?-Senator Daniel Webster
Practice Jackson followed which is the policy of assigning government offices to one’s supporters
Spoils System
Due to the high number of deaths during the transfer of Indians to new Oklahoma territories, they trip is now known by this name
The Trail of Tears
Writer who’s paper,?, in Boston, called for the end of slavery in the United States
William Lloyd Garrison
?- The Liberator
A black Virginia preacher who led an unsuccessful slave rebellion in which many, both white, and black died
Nat Turner
Washington’s goodbye speech, largely written by Alexander Hamilton, delivered in 1796, in which he addressed many points having to do with the future of the country
Washington Farewell Address
Invented by Eli Whitney to help the cotton crop in 1793
Cotton Gin
Kentucky congressmen who was a prominent war hawk
Henry Clay
Party official launched in July of 1854 in the Northwest and quickly swept eastward through the North in time to make significant impression on the November elections.
Republican Party
Party that comes in during the election of 1848 with the motto, “Free Soil, Free Labor, and Free Men.”
Free Soil Party
Name the south gave slavery
Peculiar Institution
Guerilla warfare in Kansas over the issue of slavery, costing some 200 lives
Bleeding Kansas
A well organized network of escape routes to Canada for
Underground Rail Road
A case in which the Supreme Court attempted to settle the issue of slavery in the territories. Dred Scott was a slave that had been taken by his master to Illinois, and Minnesota both places where slavery was forbidden. Upon his return to Missouri, he sued for his freedom on the basis of his travels, and the case eventually reached the supreme court.
Dred Scott v. Sanford
Senator from Massachusetts, who in 1856 verbally attacked a Southern senator over the issue of Kansas, and afterwards was physically attacked by the senator’s nephew, Preston Brooks, a member of the House of Representatives
Charles Sumner
Leader of the confederate army, from Virginia
Robert E Lee
Organization in the south designed to keep the blacks, “in their place”
Ku Klux Klan
On April 9th Robert E Lee surrendered his forces here to General U.S. Grant
Appomattox Court House
A fanatical preacher who retaliated against slavery by attacking a pro-slavery settlement and killing five people. He tried to take over the federal arsenal in Harper’s Ferry, Virginia, but was stopped by Robert E Lee and his forces. He was then hanged.
John Brown
An act ushered in by ? to have the transcontinental railroad pass through Illinois rather than Louisiana. In order to attract southern support this bill specifically repealed the Missouri Compromise and provided that whether or not slavery would exist in the newly organized territories would be determined by popular sovereignty
Kansas-Nebraska Act
?- Stephen Douglas
Franklin Pierce and James Buchanan were presidents from 1852-1860 and were both democrats. The party split into a Northern and Southern party during the election of 1860. Northern Democrats nominated Stephen Douglas of Illinois, while Southern Democrats chose John Breckinridge of Kentucky. Neither won, as Abe Lincoln, a republican won that election.
Democratic Party
Southern Democrat nominee from Tennessee during the election of 1860.
John Breckenridge
Proclamation issued by Lincoln after the Battle of Antietam, which took effect on January 1, 1863. On this day all slaves in areas still in rebellion against the union would be freed. This did not apply however to slaves in areas loyal to the Union
Emancipation Proclamation
Union general who effectively leads ?, and effectively captures Atlanta
William Tecumseh Sherman
?- the March to the Sea
14th president of the United States, who takes office after the 1852 election and serves one term
Franklin Pierce
Opportunistic Whites from the North, who went south for work
Carpetbaggers
Case which dealt with New York law granting a steamship monopoly on the Hudson River, in which the court decided only the national government had such authority
Gibbons vs Ogden
A doctrine written by Monroe, though largely constructed by John Quincy Adam, in which he would not allow re-colonization in the western hemisphere
Monroe Doctrine
This party found itself split at the election of 1852, southerners would accept the reelection of President Fillmore, but Northerners would not because he had accepted the hated compromise of 1850, eventually they ran Winfield Scott, but lost the election
Whig Party
Purchase from Mexico a strip of land along the southern border of present-day Arizona and New Mexico
Gadsden Purchase
Senator from Illinois who was determined that the eastern terminus of the transcontinental railroad would be in Chicago. He is also known for his debates with Lincoln during the 1858 Illinois senate race.
Stephen Douglas
A measure passed by the House of Representatives that forbade discussion of any petitions hostile to slavery.
Gag Laws
Financial crisis brought on by the Specie Circular, which eventually grew into a full-scale depression
Panic of 1837
Inflicts a serious defeat on Tecumseh’s forces at ?, would go onto become president of the United States, before dying early in office
Gov. William Henry Harrison
?- the Battle of Tippecanoe
A group of advisors for the president
Cabinet
Spain agrees to open the Mississippi to American shipping, along with permitting American use of the port of New Orleans for three years
Pickney’s Treaty
This treaty secured British withdrawal from the Northwest forts but it failed to settle the maritime issues.
Jay’s Treaty
A British passenger ship, alleged, and later proved, to be carrying war supplies, which was sunk by German subs, carrying 128 Americans.
Lusitania
Act that established the Federal Trade Commission, a five person board to search out and prevent business practices “in restraint of trade”
Federal Trade Commission
A powerful railroad trust owned by JP Morgan, John D. Rockerfeller, James J. Hill, and E.H. Harriman. Eventually the supreme court, by a 5-4 vote, dissolved this company
Northern Securities
A group established under the Constitution and charged with the responsibility of making the actual selection
Electoral College
If the constitution does not say something directly, then by law you cannot do it, example, Hamilton creating a national bank
Strict Constructionist
A series passed by the reconstructed Southern states designed to keep Blacks in a subservient position
Black Codes
An agency of the national government that provided emergency supplies for Blacks
Freedman’s Bureau
Republican who is elected President in 1876 in a rigged election
Rutherford B Hayes
General and future president of the United States who wins battle of New Orleans against the British
Andrew Jackson
Sight of the first continental congress in 1774, Alexander Hamilton also called for an economic convention to be held in this city following the Annapolis Convention
Philadelphia
Governor of New York, who then went on to be the 26th president of the United States, from 1901-1909
Theodore Roosevelt
Hamilton suggested placing this on foreign imports
Protective Tariff
A response by the states of Virginia and Kentucky against the Alien Sedition Acts:
Virginia and Kentucky Resolutions
A response by the states of Virginia and Kentucky against the Alien Sedition Acts:
Virginia and Kentucky Resolutions
(written by James Madison) says each state has the right to make the final determination as to the constitutionality of measures passed by Congress.
The Virginia resolution
(written by James Madison) says each state has the right to make the final determination as to the constitutionality of measures passed by Congress.
The Virginia resolution
(written by Jefferson) went further by claiming that a state had the right to declare invalid (nullify) an act of Congress considered by the state to be unconstitutional
The Kentucky resolution
(written by Jefferson) went further by claiming that a state had the right to declare invalid (nullify) an act of Congress considered by the state to be unconstitutional
The Kentucky resolution
Purchased by Jefferson in 1803 from Napoleon’s France
Louisiana Territory
Purchased by Jefferson in 1803 from Napoleon’s France
Louisiana Territory
The Supreme Court’s ability to pass judgment on a law’s constitutionality
Judicial Review
The Supreme Court’s ability to pass judgment on a law’s constitutionality
Judicial Review
Act by Jefferson that forbade any American ship to sail to any foreign port
Embargo Act of 1807
Act by Jefferson that forbade any American ship to sail to any foreign port
Embargo Act of 1807
President who replaces Jefferson in 1809
James Madison
President who replaces Jefferson in 1809
James Madison
A group of congressmen who actively espoused a war with England
War Hawks
A group of congressmen who actively espoused a war with England
War Hawks
South Carolina congressmen who was a prominent war hawk
John C. Calhoun
South Carolina congressmen who was a prominent war hawk
John C. Calhoun
would go onto become president of the United States, before dying early in office
Battle of Tippecanoe
would go onto become president of the United States, before dying early in office
Battle of Tippecanoe
Writer of the Star Spangled Banner, which he wrote during Britain’s unsuccessful attempt to capture Fort McHenry near Baltimore.
Francis Scott Key
Writer of the Star Spangled Banner, which he wrote during Britain’s unsuccessful attempt to capture Fort McHenry near Baltimore.
Francis Scott Key
Meeting by five New England State Representatives in 1814, in which New England threatened to leave the union.
Hartford Convention
Meeting by five New England State Representatives in 1814, in which New England threatened to leave the union.
Hartford Convention
Transfer of power in congress from the Federalist’s to the Republican’s
Revolution of 1800
Transfer of power in congress from the Federalist’s to the Republican’s
Revolution of 1800
Warned by Paul Revere and William Dawes, on an April Morning in 1775, Minutemen gathered to meet the British on this town green
Lexington, MA
Warned by Paul Revere and William Dawes, on an April Morning in 1775, Minutemen gathered to meet the British on this town green
Lexington, MA
This is considered to be the “turning point” battle of the American Revolution. At this battle, the troops of Benedict Arnold defeated the British under John Burgoyne.
Saratoga, New York
This is considered to be the “turning point” battle of the American Revolution. At this battle, the troops of Benedict Arnold defeated the British under John Burgoyne.
Saratoga, New York
Sight where Washington’s troops and the French Fleet stopped Cornwallis and the British in October 1781
Yorktown, VA
Sight where Washington’s troops and the French Fleet stopped Cornwallis and the British in October 1781
Yorktown, VA
This treaty ended the War of the American Revolution, and was signed in this city
Paris, France
After the battle of Saratoga, the American’s signed a treaty of alliance with this country
France
To drive the British out of Boston, the colonists placed cannons on Dorchester Heights, overlooking the harbor. These cannons came from this fort.
Fort Ticonderoga
Leader of the British forces during the American Revolution
William Howe
This was Hamilton’s proposal for the creation of a national institution which would serve as a repository of national funds, collect, taxes, provide a stable paper currency and stimulate business growth through loans
Report on National Bank
This was Hamilton’s proposal to establish strong financial credibility, by having the federal government fund the national debt, and take over all debts contracted by individual states during the war
Report on Public Credit
This was Hamilton’s plan to encourage home-grown industry, to increase employment and provide more self-sufficiency during times of war
Report on Manufactures
As a result of confusion and tension that was generated by the tie vote in the electoral college for the office of President, the constitution was changed to include the 12th amendment. In the election of 1800, Jefferson finished in a tie with this man
Aaron Burr
The new congress passed several pieces of legislation, including this act, which provided for the nation’s main source of income
Tariff Act of 1792
This act of congress created a federal court system, including a Supreme Court, 3 circuit courts, and one district court per state
Judiciary Act of 1789
Thomas Jefferson held this position under Washington
Secretary of State
Alexander Hamilton held this position under Washington
Secretary of Treasury
Act in which runaway slaves would be returned to state they escaped from
Fugitive Slave Act
Following Pickney’s treaty, this river was opened up by the Spanish for American shipping, it is also the largest river in the U.S.
Mississippi River
