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Physiology Final > Unit 5 > Flashcards

Unit 5 Flashcards

1
Q

motility

A

propulsive movements
* push contents forward

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2
Q

secretion

A

from exocrine glands into the GI tract

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3
Q

digestion

A

carbohydrates, protein, fat
* breakdown parts that can be absorbed

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4
Q

what happens when longitudinal muscle contracts

A

GI tract shortens

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5
Q

what happens when circular muscle contracts

A

decrease radius of GI tract

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6
Q

what does the symp (NE, Ep) do to the GI tract

A

relaxtion (inhibit)

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7
Q

what does the parasymp (ACh) do to the GI tract

A

contraction (stimulate)

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8
Q

what does the enteric system do to the GI tract

A

relaxtion AND contraction

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9
Q

gastrin source

A

stomach
* from stomach into the blood

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10
Q

gastrin simulus for release

A

protein (amino acids) in the stomach

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11
Q

gastrin function

A

stimulates gastric motility and secretions (HCl)

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12
Q

gastrin summary of function

A

stimulate stomach to digest food and clear out space in the instestines

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13
Q

secretin source

A

duodenum

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14
Q

secretin stimulus for release

A

acid in teh deuodenum

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15
Q

secretin function

A

inhibit gastric moltility and secretion
stimulate HCO3- secretion from pancrease and liver

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16
Q

secretin summary of function

A

too much acid coming into the small instestine

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17
Q

cholecystokinin (CKK) source

A

duodenum

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18
Q

cholecystokinin stimulus for release

A

fat or protein in the deuodenum

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19
Q

choleycystokinin function

A

inihbit gastric motility and sectrion
stimulate secretion of digestive enzymes from pancreas
contract gallbladder - release of bile salts into the duodenum

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20
Q

GIP source

A

duodenum

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21
Q

GIP stimulus for release

A

glucose inthe duodenum

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22
Q

GIP function

A

inhibit gastric motility and sectretion
stimulate insulin release

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23
Q

GIP summary of function

A

slow down rate of glucose in the duodenum and prepare for glucose in the blood

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24
Q

cholecystokinin summary of funciton

A

sow down rate of stuff enterig the duodenum and release enzymes to break it down

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25
Q

GI smooth muscle contains

A

gap junction (single unit)
pacemaker cells

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26
Q

peristalsis

A

propulsive movement in esophagus and intestines

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27
Q

segmentation

A

mixing movements in intestines

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28
Q

voluntary sphincter type of muscle

A

skeletal muscle

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29
Q

involuntary sphincter type of mucsle

A

smooth muscle

30
Q

zymogen granules

A

contain amylase
breakdown carbohydrates

31
Q

duct cells

A

add bicarbonate (neutralize acidic foods)

32
Q

salivary amylase

A

begins breakdown of carbohydrates (inactivated by low pH in stomach)

33
Q

lingual lipase

A

begins breakdown of lipids
works at low pH

34
Q

what does the parasymp do to inhibit the stomach

A

stimulate enertic NS which inhibits the stomach to relax and expand

35
Q

oxyntic gland

A

pit in the epithelium of the stomach with a large number of exocrine cells

36
Q

parietal cells

A

release HCl and intrinsic factor

37
Q

chief cells

A

have zymogen granules
* release pepsinogen (protein breakdown)

38
Q

cephalic phase

A

before food reaches the stomach
* increase in gastric secretion - HCl, pepsinogen

39
Q

gastric phase

A

food in the stomach - protein, stretch
* increase in gastric sectrions

40
Q

intestinal phase

A

food in the duodenum
* decrease in gastric secretions

41
Q

bactericidal action

A

low pH kills most bacteria (except H. poylori)

42
Q

supply of intrinstic factor (parietal cells)

A

intrinsic facotr needed for Vit B12 absorption
* Vit B12 needeed for RBC production

43
Q

what is bile made of

A

HCO3-
Bilirubin (gives feces brown color)
Bile salts (emulsification of fat)

44
Q

glucose can either

A

stay in blood or be stored as glycogen

45
Q

amino acid function once reaching the liver

A
  • stay in blood
  • converted into other amino acids
  • convert into glucose
  • plasma proteins
46
Q

compositon of pancreatic juice

A
  • HCO3-
  • proteases
  • pancreatic amylase
  • pancreatic lipase
47
Q

pancreatic amylase

A

breakdown carbohydrates

48
Q

pancreatic lipase

A

breakdown fat

49
Q

small instestine absorptive state

A

segmantation and peristalsis

50
Q

small intestine postabsorptive state

A

migrating motor complex

51
Q

small intestine secretions

A

HCO3-
bacteria
cholera toxin (increase secretions)

52
Q

main type of disaccharide

A

sucrose

53
Q

main monosaccharide

A

glucose (only type that can be absorbed)

54
Q

epithelial disaccharidase

A

disaccharides –> monosaccharides

55
Q

how does glucose get into enterocytes

A

secondary active transport

56
Q

how does glucose go from enterocytes to the blood

A

facilitated diffusion

57
Q

most important lipase

A

pancreatic lipase
* acting with bile salts present in duodenum

58
Q

how does the micelle get into the enterocyte

A

simple diffusion

59
Q

what part of the micelle does not go into the enterocyte

A

bile salts
* absorbed in ileum and sent to liver to be reused

60
Q

where does the chylomicron go after leaving the eneterocyte

A

lymphatic system

61
Q

why types of peptides can be absorbed

A

tripeptides
dipeptides
amino acids

62
Q

what pancreatic enzyme can do autocatalysis

A

trypsin

63
Q

what panreatic enzyme is released by epithelial cells in duodenum and turns trypsinogen into trypsin

A

enteropeptidase

64
Q

exopeptidase

A

remove amino acid from the end

65
Q

endopeptidase

A

cleave polypeptide in the middle

66
Q

what happens if proteins are absorbed

A

anaphylactic reaction (Antibody production –> vasodilation –> increase BP)

67
Q

ferritin

A

storage form of iron

68
Q

how does iron enter the enterocyte

A

primary active transport

69
Q

ferroportin transporter

A

transports iron into the blood

70
Q

hepsidin

A

inhibits ferroportin (decrease of iron absorption)

Physiology Final (5 decks)

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