Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Physiology Final > Unit 4 > Flashcards

Unit 4 Flashcards

1
Q

specificity of hormone actions

A

only target cells have receptors
higher concentration in blood to some cells
conversion to a more active form in the target tissue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

amino acid derivative properties

A

small
hydrophilic/lipophobic
stored in vesciels and released by exocytosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

types of amino acid derivatives

A

EP, NE, dopamine, thyroid hormone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

thyroid hormone properties

A

small
hydrophobic/lipiphilic
escape from cells as they are made, stored bound to plasma proteins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

peptide and protein hormone properties

A

fairly large
hydrophilic/lipophobic
stored in vesicles and released by exocytosis
*formed as larger precursor proteins that are cleaved to form the active hormone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

steroid hormones are always derived from

A

cholesterol

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

steroid hormone properties

A

hydrophobic/lipophilic
act on intracellular receptors
escape from cells as they are made, stored bound to plasma proteins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

steroid and thyroid hormones stored bound to proteins increases

A

half-life

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

why can’t steroid and thyroid hormone be stored in cells

A

they cross membranes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

activation of second messenger systems

A
  1. transer information into the cell
  2. signal amplication
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

GHRH increases the release of

A

GH

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

somatostatin decreases the release of

A

GH

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

ATP acting in cAMP activates __ which increases __ release

A

PKA, GH

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

TRH stimulates

A

phospholipase C

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

phospholipase C cleaves PIP2 into

A

IP3 and DAG

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

DAG increases

A

TSH production

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

IP3 increases

A

TSH release
* acts on ER to release Ca++ to stimulate TSH release

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

both DAG and IP3 are described as

A

second messangers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

insulin acts through a

A

tyrosine kinase

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

insulin binds to

A

alpha subunits
* causes autophosporylation of beta-subunit

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

calcium is an important

A

2nd messenger

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

what carries hypothalamic harmones to the anterior pituitary

A

hypophysial portal vein

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

what is the primary plexus of anterior pituitary

A

capillaries that take up GHRH, TRH

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

secondary capillary plexus

A

2nd capillary bed
* in series with primary plexus
* takes up hormones GH, TRH

25
Q

what are the 6 anterior pituitary hormones

A

FSH and LH, GH, TSH, prolactin, ACTH

26
Q

function of GH

A
  • cartilage and bone growth
  • protein metabolism
  • carbohydrate metabolism
  • lipid metabolism
27
Q

growth hormone deficiency in children

A

short, but normal proportions
* treatment: give GH injections

28
Q

high growth hormone in children

A

gigantism

29
Q

high growth hormone in adults

A

agromegaly
* increase of gorwth of bone where the growth plate does not close off - bones in face

30
Q

prolactin function

A

increase breast development and milk production

31
Q

what stimulates prolactin release

A

estrogen and TRH

32
Q

what inhibits prolactin release

A

dopamine, estrogen and progesterone

33
Q

what are the two main hormones of the posteiror pituitary

A

ADH and oxytocin

33
Q

what are the two main hormones of the posteiror pituitary

A

ADH and oxytocin

34
Q

function of oxytocin

A

milk release, contraction of uterin emsucle for birth

35
Q

ADH function

A

increase H2O reabsorption in distal tubule and collecting duct

36
Q

alpha cells release

A

glucagon

37
Q

beta cells release

A

insulin and amylin

38
Q

amylin

A

inhibits the GI tract
satiety factor

39
Q

delat cells release

A

somatostatin
* inhibits glucagon and insulin secretion
* release increases after a meal

40
Q

gamma PP cells release

A

pancreatic polypeptide
* inhibits exocrine pacnreas secretion of enzymes

41
Q

what is released with insulin

A

C-peptide, same amount released

42
Q

importance of C-peptide

A

can be measured as a marker for insulin

43
Q

GLUT 1

A

transport of glucose across the blood brain barrier

44
Q

GLUT 2

A

kidneys - glucose reabsorption, liver - glucose uptake or release, pancreas - beta cells (regulate insulin release)

45
Q

GLUT 3

A

on neurons

46
Q

GLUT 4

A

skeletal and cardiac muscle, adipose (fat) cells

47
Q

effects of insulin on carbohydrates

A
  1. insulin stimulates glucose uptake into skeletal muscle, cardiac muscle, and adipose cells but not the brain
  2. stimulates glycogen synthesis
  3. inhibits gluconeogenesis
48
Q

what is the only insulin regualted glucose transporter

A

GLUT 4

49
Q

insulin inhibits

A

hormone-sensitive lipase, lipoprotein lipase

50
Q

insulin can both stimulate and inhibit

A

lipoprotein lipase

51
Q

proteins

A
  • increase amino acid uptake into cells
  • increases protein synthesis
  • decrease protien breakdown
52
Q

what stimulates insulin secretion

A
  • glucose
  • amino acids
  • free fatty acids
  • ACh
  • GIP
  • GLP-1
53
Q

what stimulates glucagon secretion

A
  • amino acid s
  • NE, EP
  • ACh
54
Q

what inhibits glucagon secretion

A
  • glucose
  • insulin
  • somatostatin
  • free fatty acids
55
Q

function of thyroid hormones

A

CNS development
Growth and metabolism
Basal metabolic rate

56
Q

hashimoto’s disease

A

main cause of hypothyroidism in the US
* body makes antibodies against the thyroid gland

57
Q

symptoms of hypothyroidism

A

decreased BMR
weight gain
intolerance to cold
fatigue

58
Q

graves’ disease

A

autoimmune - antibodies activate TSH receptors

Physiology Final (5 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions