UNIT 5

Question 1

_______- relationship where multiple organisms seek the same limited resources: water, find, space , shelter, mates , sunlight

Answer 1

Competition

Question 2

________- variation of a competitive relationship , in which one organism is harmed and the other is apparently unaffected, difficult to pin down

Answer 2

Amensalism

Question 3

________- competition among members of the same species
- high population density = increased competition

Answer 3

Intraspecific

Question 4

______- competition among members of 2 or more species
- can lead to either competitive exclusion or to species coexistence

Answer 4

Interspecific

Question 5

________- species divide shared resources by specializing in different ways
Ex: one species is active at night another in the day

Answer 5

Resource partitioning

Question 6

Resource partitioning can lead to _____= competing species evolve physical characteristics that reflect their reliance on the portion of the resource they use

Answer 6

character displacement

Question 7

_______- process by which individuals of one species capture, kill and consume individuals of another species

Answer 7

Predation

Question 8

Predation can sometimes drive population dynamics by causing cycles in population ____

Answer 8

Size

Question 9

Predators kill and consume ____

Answer 9

Prey

Question 10

_____- a relationship in which one organism depends on another for nourishment or other benefit

Answer 10

Parasitism

Question 11

______- hosts and parasites become locked in a duel of escalating adaptations

Question 12

_________; predators evolve adaptations that make them better hunters, prey evolve elaborate defences against being eaten

Answer 12

Evolutionary arm race

Question 13

Why should a parasites response not be too “effective”?

Answer 13

Not beneficial to kill host

Question 14

_______- exploitation in which animals feed on tissues of plants

Answer 14

Herbivory

Question 15

Similarities of herbivory with predation/parasitism

Answer 15

-may not kills plant but harm growth/survival

Question 16

_____- two or more species benefit from their interactions

Answer 16

Mutualism

Question 17

______- mutualism in which the organisms live in close physical contact
Ex: plants & fungi

Answer 17

Symbiosis

Question 18

_____- bees, bats, birds, and others transfer pollen from one flower to another, fertilizing its eggs

Answer 18

Pollination

Question 19

______- a relationship in which one organism is harmed while the other is unaffected
- difficult to confirm because usually one organism benefits from harming other

Answer 19

Amensalism

Question 20

______- certain plants release harmful chemicals

Answer 20

Allelopathy

Question 21

_____- a relationship in which one organism benefits, while other remains unaffected

Answer 21

Commensalism

Question 22

________- an assemblage of species living in same place at same time
- members interact with each other
- interactions determine the structure, function, and species composition of the community

Answer 22

Community

Question 23

______ - people interested in how:
- species coexist and relate to one another
- communities change, and why patterns exist

Answer 23

Community ecologists

Question 24

______ show feeding relationship and energy flow

Answer 24

Food webs

Question 25

______- the relationship of how energy is transferred up the trophic levels

Answer 25

Food chain

Question 26

______- a visual map of feeding relationships and energy flow

Answer 26

Food web

Question 27

______ a species that has a particular strong or far-reaching impact

Answer 27

Keystone species

Question 28

______- community or organisms resists change and emotions stable despite the disturbance

Answer 28

Resistance

Question 29

________- a community changes in response to a disturbance but later returns to originals state

Answer 29

Resilience

Question 30

________- the predictable series of changes in a community following a disturbance

Answer 30

Succession

Question 31

______- disturbance eliminates all vegetarian and/or soil life

Answer 31

Primary succession

Question 32

________ - a disturbance dramaticlly alters, but does not destroy , all local organisms

Answer 32

Secondary succession

Question 33

_______ the first species to arrive in a primary succession area

Answer 33

Pioneer species

Question 34

_______ the community resulting from successful succession - remains stable until another disturbance restarts succession

Answer 34

Climax community

Question 35

________- non-native organisms that spread widely and become dominant in a community Major ecological effects : -alter communities Succeed growth limiting factors from homeland are absent

Answer 35

Invasive species

Question 36

Name 3 techniques to control invasive species

Answer 36

-remove -Dry them out Deprive oxygen Toxic chemicals

Question 37

Predation is a form of species interaction where…. a) Both species are harmed b) One species benefits, but the other is harmed c) Both species benefit d) One species excludes another from a particular area

Answer 37

B

Question 38

The phenomenon where one species completely excludes another species from access to a resource is called: a) Amensalism b) Intraspecific competition c) Competitive exclusion d) Species coexistance

Answer 38

C

Question 39

An example of coevolution would be: a) Predators killing their prey b) One species moving out of an area to find new resources c) A host species becoming more vulnerable to parasitism d) A pine tree evolving thicker pinecones to reduce consumption by squirrels

Answer 39

D

Question 40

Secondary succession would take place on all of the following EXCEPT…? a) Sediment exposed after glacier retreat b) Coastline in Nova Scotia, following Hurricane Juan c) Forests growing on an abandoned farm in Prince Edward Island d) Vegetation regrowing after a major fire

Answer 40

C

Question 41

All of the following are ways to control invasive species, EXCEPT: a) Remove individuals from the area b) Stress them by noise c) Trap them d) Encourage them to hybridize with another species

Answer 41

D

Question 42

How do invasive species get to new locations?

Answer 42

Transported