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BIOL2401 > UNIT 5 > Flashcards

UNIT 5 Flashcards

1
Q

_______- relationship where multiple organisms seek the same limited resources: water, find, space , shelter, mates , sunlight

A

Competition

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2
Q

________- variation of a competitive relationship , in which one organism is harmed and the other is apparently unaffected, difficult to pin down

A

Amensalism

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3
Q

________- competition among members of the same species
- high population density = increased competition

A

Intraspecific

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4
Q

______- competition among members of 2 or more species
- can lead to either competitive exclusion or to species coexistence

A

Interspecific

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5
Q

________- species divide shared resources by specializing in different ways
Ex: one species is active at night another in the day

A

Resource partitioning

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6
Q

Resource partitioning can lead to _____= competing species evolve physical characteristics that reflect their reliance on the portion of the resource they use

A

character displacement

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7
Q

_______- process by which individuals of one species capture, kill and consume individuals of another species

A

Predation

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8
Q

Predation can sometimes drive population dynamics by causing cycles in population ____

A

Size

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9
Q

Predators kill and consume ____

A

Prey

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10
Q

_____- a relationship in which one organism depends on another for nourishment or other benefit

A

Parasitism

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11
Q

______- hosts and parasites become locked in a duel of escalating adaptations

A
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12
Q

_________; predators evolve adaptations that make them better hunters, prey evolve elaborate defences against being eaten

A

Evolutionary arm race

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13
Q

Why should a parasites response not be too “effective”?

A

Not beneficial to kill host

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14
Q

_______- exploitation in which animals feed on tissues of plants

A

Herbivory

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15
Q

Similarities of herbivory with predation/parasitism

A

-may not kills plant but harm growth/survival

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16
Q

_____- two or more species benefit from their interactions

A

Mutualism

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17
Q

______- mutualism in which the organisms live in close physical contact
Ex: plants & fungi

A

Symbiosis

18
Q

_____- bees, bats, birds, and others transfer pollen from one flower to another, fertilizing its eggs

A

Pollination

19
Q

______- a relationship in which one organism is harmed while the other is unaffected
- difficult to confirm because usually one organism benefits from harming other

A

Amensalism

20
Q

______- certain plants release harmful chemicals

A

Allelopathy

21
Q

_____- a relationship in which one organism benefits, while other remains unaffected

A

Commensalism

22
Q

________- an assemblage of species living in same place at same time
- members interact with each other
- interactions determine the structure, function, and species composition of the community

A

Community

23
Q

______ - people interested in how:
- species coexist and relate to one another
- communities change, and why patterns exist

A

Community ecologists

24
Q

______ show feeding relationship and energy flow

A

Food webs

25
Q

______- the relationship of how energy is transferred up the trophic levels

A

Food chain

26
Q

______- a visual map of feeding relationships and energy flow

A

Food web

27
Q

______ a species that has a particular strong or far-reaching impact

A

Keystone species

28
Q

______- community or organisms resists change and emotions stable despite the disturbance

A

Resistance

29
Q

________- a community changes in response to a disturbance but later returns to originals state

A

Resilience

30
Q

________- the predictable series of changes in a community following a disturbance

A

Succession

31
Q

______- disturbance eliminates all vegetarian and/or soil life

A

Primary succession

32
Q

________ - a disturbance dramaticlly alters, but does not destroy , all local organisms

A

Secondary succession

33
Q

_______ the first species to arrive in a primary succession area

A

Pioneer species

34
Q

_______ the community resulting from successful succession
- remains stable until another disturbance restarts succession

A

Climax community

35
Q

________- non-native organisms that spread widely and become dominant in a community
Major ecological effects :
-alter communities
Succeed growth limiting factors from homeland are absent

A

Invasive species

36
Q

Name 3 techniques to control invasive species

A

-remove
-Dry them out
Deprive oxygen
Toxic chemicals

37
Q

Predation is a form of species interaction where….
a) Both species are harmed
b) One species benefits, but the other is harmed
c) Both species benefit
d) One species excludes another from a particular area

A

B

38
Q

The phenomenon where one species completely excludes another species from access to a resource is called:
a) Amensalism
b) Intraspecific competition
c) Competitive exclusion
d) Species coexistance

A

C

39
Q

An example of coevolution would be:
a) Predators killing their prey
b) One species moving out of an area to find new
resources
c) A host species becoming more vulnerable to
parasitism
d) A pine tree evolving thicker pinecones to reduce
consumption by squirrels

A

D

40
Q

Secondary succession would take place on all of the following EXCEPT…?
a) Sediment exposed after glacier retreat
b) Coastline in Nova Scotia, following Hurricane Juan
c) Forests growing on an abandoned farm in Prince
Edward Island
d) Vegetation regrowing after a major fire

A

C

41
Q

All of the following are ways to control invasive species, EXCEPT:
a) Remove individuals from the area
b) Stress them by noise
c) Trap them
d) Encourage them to hybridize with another species

A

D

42
Q

How do invasive species get to new locations?

A

Transported

BIOL2401 (6 decks)

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