UNIT 2

Question 1

List the scientific method

Answer 1

Observations
Questions
Hypothesis
Predictions
Procedure
Results

Question 2

A ____ is a well tested and widely accepted explanation

Answer 2

Theory

Question 3

______ yield the strongest evidence
- can show causation
- not always possible to use

Answer 3

Manipulative experiments

Question 4

______ show real-world complexity
- cannot show causation

Answer 4

Natural experiments

Question 5

___ is a fundamental type of matter, with a given set of properties

Answer 5

Element

Question 6

_____ - the smallest components that maintain an elements chemical properties

Answer 6

Atoms

Question 7

Decide an entire lake and add nutrients to one part . Adding nutrients is a manipulative experiment but by using the entire lake we avoid most of the limitations of manipulative experiments so the results are very convincing is an example of what experiment

Answer 7

Large scale

Question 8

Atoms = ___ + ___

Answer 8

Nucleus + electrons

Question 9

_____= protons + neutrons

Answer 9

Nucleus

Question 10

______= negatively charged particles surrounding the nucleus

Answer 10

Electrons

Question 11

In a neutral state of atom: # of ____ = # of _____

Answer 11

Electrons = protons

Question 12

__________= # of protons in the atoms nucleus

Answer 12

Atomic number

Question 13

________= # of protons + # of neutrons

Answer 13

Atomic mass

Question 14

___ isotopes= radioactive: breakdown over time, nucleus breaks apart or emits some particles and becomes something else

Answer 14

Unstable

Question 15

_____ isotopes: do not breakdown over time but are redistributes by physical or biological processes, that prefer or discriminate against one isotope over another

Answer 15

Stable

Question 16

Preferring or discriminating one isotope over another is the effect of changing _______

Answer 16

Isotopic ratio

Question 17

Oxygen and hydrogen isotopes for ____
Carbon, nitrogen isotopes in _____

Answer 17

Climate
Biological processing

Question 18

Water molecule H2(18)0 is 10% ______ than the most common H2(16)0 -> therefore harder to evaporate

Answer 18

Heavier

Question 19

______: capacity to change the position, physical composition or temperature of matter- a force that can accomplish work

Answer 19

Energy

Question 20

_______= energy of position

Answer 20

Potential energy

Question 21

______= energy of motion

Answer 21

Kinetic energy

Question 22

The sun releases radiation form the ________
- some is visible light
-Most energy is reflected or absorbed

Answer 22

Electromagnetic spectrum

Question 23

_____ energy drives weather and climate and powers plant growth

Answer 23

Solar

Question 24

_____: produces their own food from external (non-organic) sources of energy

Answer 24

Autotrophs

Question 25

________ use the energy of the sun to produce their own food

Answer 25

Photoautotrophs

Question 26

______= turning light energy from the sun into chemical energy

Answer 26

Photosynthesis

Question 27

Photosyntheses equation: _____+ _____ +_______ —-> ______ +_______

Answer 27

6co2 +6h2o + suns energy —-> c6h12o6 + 6o2

Question 28

_______= type of autotroph to use chemosynthesis

Answer 28

Chemoautotroph

Question 29

________ = produce sugars using energy released from chemicals

Answer 29

Chemosynthesis

Question 30

Name the 2 autotrophs

Answer 30

Chemoautotrophs Photoautotrophs

Question 31

What is chemosynthesis equation ?

Answer 31

6co2 + 6h2o + 3h2s ——> c6h12o6 + 3h2so4

Question 32

Where is chemosynthesis important ?

Answer 32

Places without sunlight

Question 33

What is the Respiration equation ?

Answer 33

C6h12o6 + 6o2 ——> 6co2 + 6h20 + energy

Question 34

_______: animals, fungi, and microbes (reverse the photosynthesis mechanism) - use energy from breakdown of organic compounds

Answer 34

Heterotrophs

Question 35

Which of the following parts of an atom has a negative charge? a) Proton b) Neutron c) Electron d) Hydrogen

Answer 35

C

Question 36

O-18 isotope has atom number=8 and atom mass=18. In its neutral (non-ionized) form it would have a) 8 Protons and 8 Electrons b) 8 Protons and 2 Electrons c) 8 neutrons d) 10 neutrons e) A and C f) A and D

Answer 36

A

Question 37

Which of the following organisms is an autotroph? a) Deep-sea worm b) Horse c) Pine tree d) None of these

Answer 37

C

Question 38

Difference between heterotroph and autotroph

Answer 38

Autotroph - get energy from external source Heterotroph- get energy from feeding

Question 39

Which statement is NOT true about trophic levels? a) Plants are autotrophs and occupy the first trophic level b) Detritivores consume waste products or dead bodies c) Biomass and energy increase going up the food chain d) There are fewer predator species than prey species in an area

Answer 39

A