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bio 204 final > unit 5 > Flashcards

unit 5 Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

what is the skull comprised of

A

chondocranium, splanchnocranium, dermatocranium

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2
Q

axial skeleton is made of

A

vertebral column, notochord, ribs, sternum

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3
Q

appendicular skeleton is made of

A

paired fins or limbs, girdles

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4
Q

embryonic orgin of chondocranium

A

mesenchyme and neural crest cells

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5
Q

embryonic orgin of splanchnocranium

A

neural crest cells

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6
Q

embryonic orgin of dermatocranium

A

mesenchyme of the dermis

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7
Q

brain case of agnatha and chondrichthyes

A

chondocranium forms the entire braincase

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8
Q

braincase of teleostomi

A

chondocranium forms the ventral region of the braincase and the dermatocranium forms the dorsal region

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9
Q

what forms the pharyngeal arches and their derivatives

A

splanchnocranium

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10
Q

gnathostomes jaw and jaw suspension

A

mandibular arch forms the jaws and in some gnathostomes the hyomandibula of the hyoid arch is used for jaw suspension

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11
Q

pharyngeal arches 3-7 in fish and amphibians

A

form branchial arches that support the gills and are attachment sites for some respiratory muscles

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12
Q

chondrichthyes jaw and meckles cartiledge formation

A

jaw from palatoquadrate and meckles cartiledge from splanchnocranium

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13
Q

teleostomi jaws, quadrate and articular bones

A

jaws: dermatocranium

quadrate and articular bones: splanchnocranium

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14
Q

prehension

A

grasping and holding prey, swallowing them whole

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15
Q

durophagy

A

use a powerful bite to crush hard food items

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16
Q

mastication

A

rhythmic and repetitive movements of the jaw that grind food

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17
Q

suction feeding

A

rapid expansion of the buccal cavity and pharynx generates a sudden decrease in pressure that sucks prey into the mouth

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18
Q

akinetic skull

A

one pair of mobile joints, joint between upper and lower jaw. only lower jaw is mobile

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19
Q

kinetic skull

A

movement of upper jaw relative to the braincase. requires at least one mobile joint between the braincase and some element of the upper jaw

20
Q

paleostyly

A

habing no jaw. this was true for agnathans. in this case the pharyngeal arches of the splanchnocranium support the gills

21
Q

autostyly

A

palatoquadrate was attached directly and firmly to the brain case. hyoid arch is not involved in the jaw suspension. common in holocephali

22
Q

hyostyly

A

palatoquadrate does not attach directly to the braincase. jaws are suspended from the braincase by hyomandibula. mobile joint between hyomandibula and braincase and between the hyomandibula jaws. allows the jaw to protrude. true for most elasmobranchii.

23
Q

what does hyostyly do for elasmobranchii

A

allows the mouth to open wider and close faster. this allows upper and lower jaws to strike the prey at the same time allowing the shark to grip the prey secureley

24
Q

what type of jaw suspension do actinopterygii have

A

modified hyostylic jaw suspension. main attachment of the jaws to the braincase is by the hyoid arch espeically the hyomandibula. kinetic jaw suspension.

25
Q

in actinopterygii how is the mobile joint between the upper and lower jaw formed

A

formed by the quadrate bone of the upper jaw and the articular bone of the lower jaw

26
Q

what type of feeding do actinopterygii have

A

suction feeding

27
Q

how many mobile joints do actinopterygii have

A
  1. maxilla and chondocranium, premaxilla and chondocranium, maxilla and premaxilla
28
Q

in actinopterygii how is the hyoid apparatus formed and what does it support

A

formed by ventral elements of the hyoid arch and other pharyngeal arches. supports the tongue and the loor of the mouth

29
Q

what are actinopterygii second jaws made of

A

pharyngeal jaws are made of modified elements of the posterior pharyngeal arches.

30
Q

what type of jaw suspension do amphibians and sauropsids have

A

metautostyly. jaws are attached to the braincase directly by the quadrate bone of the upper jaw

31
Q

do amphibians and sauropsids have a hyomandibula

A

no. it is reduced to the columella in the middle ear

32
Q

what do aves and lepidosauria have for jaw suspension

A

metautostyly with streptostyly

33
Q

what is metautostyly with strepostyly

A

quadrate forms a swinging bridge allowing the lower jaw to protrude increasing the range of motion of the lower jaw

34
Q

what type of jaw suspension do mammals have

A

craniostylic jaw suspension

35
Q

what is craniostylic jaw suspension

A

entire upper jaw attaches firmly to the braincase. both upper and lower jaws are formed completely from dermatocranium

36
Q

transcranial joint locations

A

metakinesis: (near the back (posterior) of the skull)
mesokinesis: just posterior to the eyes
prokinesis: anterior to the eyes

37
Q

what type of transcranial joint does lepidosauria have

A

mesokinesis

38
Q

what type of jaw suspension does aves have

A

streptostylic jaw suspension

39
Q

do crocdillia have kinetic or akinetic skulls

A

akinetic

40
Q

what does the primary palate do

A

separate the brain from the oral passage or nasal passage.

41
Q

what does secondary palate do

A

separates the oral pasage from the nasal passage. can be made of bone, soft fleshy tissue, or a combo

42
Q

which taxa do not have secondary palate

A

fish, amphibia, and most lepidosauria

43
Q

do tetsudinata have a partial bondy secondary palate

A

most yes

44
Q

what taxa are classified as being anapsid, synapsid, or diapsid

A

amniotes

45
Q

3 types of locations of temporal fenestrae

A

anapsid (temporal fenestrae and orbit are fused as one big hole)
synapsid (one fenestraw posterior to the orbit)
diapsid (2 fenestrae, one is anterior and ventral to the orbit, the other is anterior and dorsal to the orbit)

46
Q

t/f lepidosauria and archosauria have diapsid skulls

A

true

bio 204 final (5 decks)

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