Unit 4.4-5 (Maritime Empires Establish and Develop) Flashcards
Europeans established _____ _____ in _____ and _____
trading posts; Africa and Asia
How did Asian states try to limit the economic and cultural effects of European dominance of trade?
Japan expelled all foreigners and their books and only Dutch merchants were allowed to trade in Nagasaki; the Ming Dynasty prohibited private foreign trade and rebuilt the Great Wall
What drove European states to establish new maritime empires?
Political, religious, and economic rivalries
Europeans in India
Since Ming China and Mughal India had a good foothold in Afr./Asia, England, France, and Portugal established trading posts in India.
Treaty of Tordesillas
Agreement between Spain and Portugal to dived SA in half
Seven Years War
War between France and England for NE US won by Eng.
Maritime trading networks allowed _____ ______ to grow
African states
Asante Kingdom (West Afr.)
Traded gold and later slaves with Port. for weapons and was constantly at war to acquire more slaves
Kingdom of the Kongo (Cent. West. Afr.)
Traded ivory, copper, and slaves with Port. and some converted to Christianity because of them
Why were Africans chosen to meet the increasing demand for slaves in the Amers.?
European diseases wiped out indigenous populations and they needed cheap labor to grow sugar. Africans wouldn’t know the land and wouldn’t be able to escape and slaves could be traded for guns (which Afr. then used to overwhelm neighbors and acquire more slaves w/ new tech)/manufactured goods.
Triangle Trade
Three segment trade across the Atlantic Ocean; European goods/guns go to West Afr., slaves go to Amer. (Middle Passage), then crops (sugar and tobacco) go to Eu.
Amer. economies used _____ and _____ _____ _____ in agriculture
new and existing labor systems in agriculture
Chattel Slavery (New)
Slaves were considered as personal property to be bought/sold
Indentured Servitude (New)
People agreed to work for another for a specific length of time in exchange for passage
Hacienda System (New)
Like feudalism/manorial system, Spanish settlers given “haciendas” and natives were paid small wage to work land
Encomienda (New)
Spanish colonizers force indigenous people to work for them in exchange for food, shelter, and Christian education
Incan Mit’a System/East Afr. Slave Trade were…
continuations during this time
Spanish Social Order
Peninsulares (pureblood Spaniards born in Spain), Creoles (pureblood Spaniards born in colonies), Mestizos (Spanish and Indigenous people), Mullattos (Portuguese and Afr.), and lastly indigenous people
Sugar was used as a…
sweetener, medicine, and perservative
West African Slave Trade vs. East African Slave Trade
West Afr. slaves worked on farming plantations and was mainly men traded while East Afr. slave trade traded both women and men, women used for domestic chores and men used for labor like working in dockyards
British colonists were…
last to colonize and got leftovers but wanted to escape Eu. culture, not recreate it
North American Social Order
Largely decided by skin color although education mattered too, African slaves caused Americans to think whites were better and races didn’t really mix because women joined British colonization efforts
North American Social Order
Largely decided by skin color although education mattered too, African slaves caused Americans to think whites were better and races didn’t really mix because women joined British colonization efforts
Mercantilism was an economic system that encouraged…
accumulating precious metals, export-based economies, using colonies to extract raw materials from and sell back to them as manufactured goods, and high tariffs
Joint Stock Companies
Private companies made up of investors who financed trade and exploration by selling shares (one gets a share of the profit a company makes if they invest in it) in the company such as British East India
During this time, the Indian Ocean Trade network…
continued.
Monopoly
One person/business possesses the right to a service/the supply of a trade
Monopolies were used…
on resources like tobacco, spices, and cotton but sometimes rights were sold to people to make money off of the trade.
Because of the interaction of hemispheres…
religions developed. (Spaniards spread Catholicism to Cent./Sou. Amer., Jesuit missionaries spread Catholicism to Japan, and English Puritans spread Protestant beliefs to Nor. Amer.)
With the spread and development of religions came syncretic beliefs like..
Voodoo (African spiritual practices and Catholicism), Santeria, and Candomblé (mix of Yoruba, Fon, and Bantu)
