Unit 4.4-5 (Maritime Empires Establish and Develop)

Question 1

Europeans established _____ _____ in _____ and _____

Answer 1

trading posts; Africa and Asia

Question 2

How did Asian states try to limit the economic and cultural effects of European dominance of trade?

Answer 2

Japan expelled all foreigners and their books and only Dutch merchants were allowed to trade in Nagasaki; the Ming Dynasty prohibited private foreign trade and rebuilt the Great Wall

Question 3

What drove European states to establish new maritime empires?

Answer 3

Political, religious, and economic rivalries

Question 4

Europeans in India

Answer 4

Since Ming China and Mughal India had a good foothold in Afr./Asia, England, France, and Portugal established trading posts in India.

Question 5

Treaty of Tordesillas

Answer 5

Agreement between Spain and Portugal to dived SA in half

Question 6

Seven Years War

Answer 6

War between France and England for NE US won by Eng.

Question 7

Maritime trading networks allowed _____ ______ to grow

Answer 7

African states

Question 8

Asante Kingdom (West Afr.)

Answer 8

Traded gold and later slaves with Port. for weapons and was constantly at war to acquire more slaves

Question 9

Kingdom of the Kongo (Cent. West. Afr.)

Answer 9

Traded ivory, copper, and slaves with Port. and some converted to Christianity because of them

Question 10

Why were Africans chosen to meet the increasing demand for slaves in the Amers.?

Answer 10

European diseases wiped out indigenous populations and they needed cheap labor to grow sugar. Africans wouldn’t know the land and wouldn’t be able to escape and slaves could be traded for guns (which Afr. then used to overwhelm neighbors and acquire more slaves w/ new tech)/manufactured goods.

Question 11

Triangle Trade

Answer 11

Three segment trade across the Atlantic Ocean; European goods/guns go to West Afr., slaves go to Amer. (Middle Passage), then crops (sugar and tobacco) go to Eu.

Question 12

Amer. economies used _____ and _____ _____ _____ in agriculture

Answer 12

new and existing labor systems in agriculture

Question 13

Chattel Slavery (New)

Answer 13

Slaves were considered as personal property to be bought/sold

Question 14

Indentured Servitude (New)

Answer 14

People agreed to work for another for a specific length of time in exchange for passage

Question 15

Hacienda System (New)

Answer 15

Like feudalism/manorial system, Spanish settlers given “haciendas” and natives were paid small wage to work land

Question 16

Encomienda (New)

Answer 16

Spanish colonizers force indigenous people to work for them in exchange for food, shelter, and Christian education

Question 17

Incan Mit’a System/East Afr. Slave Trade were…

Answer 17

continuations during this time

Question 18

Spanish Social Order

Answer 18

Peninsulares (pureblood Spaniards born in Spain), Creoles (pureblood Spaniards born in colonies), Mestizos (Spanish and Indigenous people), Mullattos (Portuguese and Afr.), and lastly indigenous people

Question 19

Sugar was used as a…

Answer 19

sweetener, medicine, and perservative

Question 20

West African Slave Trade vs. East African Slave Trade

Answer 20

West Afr. slaves worked on farming plantations and was mainly men traded while East Afr. slave trade traded both women and men, women used for domestic chores and men used for labor like working in dockyards

Question 21

British colonists were…

Answer 21

last to colonize and got leftovers but wanted to escape Eu. culture, not recreate it

Question 22

North American Social Order

Answer 22

Largely decided by skin color although education mattered too, African slaves caused Americans to think whites were better and races didn’t really mix because women joined British colonization efforts

Question 22

North American Social Order

Answer 22

Largely decided by skin color although education mattered too, African slaves caused Americans to think whites were better and races didn’t really mix because women joined British colonization efforts

Question 23

Mercantilism was an economic system that encouraged…

Answer 23

accumulating precious metals, export-based economies, using colonies to extract raw materials from and sell back to them as manufactured goods, and high tariffs

Question 24

Joint Stock Companies

Answer 24

Private companies made up of investors who financed trade and exploration by selling shares (one gets a share of the profit a company makes if they invest in it) in the company such as British East India

Question 25

During this time, the Indian Ocean Trade network…

Answer 25

continued.

Question 26

Monopoly

Answer 26

One person/business possesses the right to a service/the supply of a trade

Question 27

Monopolies were used…

Answer 27

on resources like tobacco, spices, and cotton but sometimes rights were sold to people to make money off of the trade.

Question 28

Because of the interaction of hemispheres…

Answer 28

religions developed. (Spaniards spread Catholicism to Cent./Sou. Amer., Jesuit missionaries spread Catholicism to Japan, and English Puritans spread Protestant beliefs to Nor. Amer.)

Question 29

With the spread and development of religions came syncretic beliefs like..

Answer 29

Voodoo (African spiritual practices and Catholicism), Santeria, and Candomblé (mix of Yoruba, Fon, and Bantu)