Unit 1.5-6 (Devs in Afr. & Eu.)

Question 1

Sub-Saharan Africa

Answer 1

Started out with every family ruling themselves (men do laborious jobs and women farm/look after family) until population grew, chiefs governed groups of families, and eventually, kingdoms ruled.

Question 2

Hausa Kingdoms

Answer 2

Collection of states that grew strong through trading and trans-Saharan trade routes

Question 3

Ghana (West Afr.)

Answer 3

Muslim rulers traded gold and ivory for salt, cent. gov thanks to nobles and armies using iron weapons. Declined b/c of wars with neighboring states

Question 4

Mali (West Afr.)

Answer 4

The king, Sundiata, grew strong from gold trade. Closely tied through Islam, declined due to shift in trade routes.

Question 5

Zimbabwe (East Afr.)

Answer 5

Chiefs built zimbabwes (dwellings) out of stone instead of wood to show power. Grew strong through gold and taxing trade, spoke Swahili (blend of Bantu and Arabic). Walls used to protect central city (Great Zimbabwe).

Question 6

Ethiopia (East Afr).

Answer 6

Christian kingdom and home of coffee beans. Showed power by building 11 churches out of stone. Participated in East. Afr. slave trade.

Question 7

Indian Ocean Slave Trade

Answer 7

Prisoners of war, debtors, and criminals sent to India/Arabia from Africa. Slave ownership considered symbol of status, slaves worked in shipyards or sugar plantations.

Question 8

Culture in Sub-Saharan Africa

Answer 8

Islam spread to west and east Afr. through trade alongside traditional Afr. religions that survived through songs and statues. Griots (oral storytellers) passed on and preserved Afr. history and were consulted by kings for advice.

Question 9

Songhay Empire (West Afr.)

Answer 9

Controlled west Afr. trade routes, Islam was a religion for the elites, believed in magic and Islam

Question 10

Timbuktu

Answer 10

Important trading center

Question 11

Mughal Empire (India)

Answer 11

Created by Turkic invasion of India, inclusive of religions, spread Islam to SE Asia through trade

Question 12

Feudalism

Answer 12

De-centralized political organization and economic system where food and taking care of land were exchanged for loyalty and protection (from Viking raids)

Question 13

Feudalism Order

Answer 13

Monarchs gave fiefs (pieces of land) to Lords in exchange for protection, Lords gave land to Knights in exchange for protection, and Serfs farmed the lord’s land in exchange for protection

Question 14

Europe was largely an ____ society and relied on ____

Answer 14

Agriculture society; relied on free peasant labor and serfs

Question 15

Peasants vs. Serfs

Answer 15

Peasants had several rights while serfs were bound to the land they worked on due to debts. They had to ask Lords for permission to do things like marry or travel

Question 16

Manorial system

Answer 16

Large land estates (on the fiefs given to Lords) that were economically self-sufficient and defended

Question 17

Three Field Crop Rotation

Answer 17

Technology where two of three fields at a time were farmed on to keep soil nutrient rich.

Question 18

Religions that shaped European society

Answer 18

Christianity, Judaism, and Islam

Question 19

Crusades

Answer 19

Raids by European soldiers

Question 20

Impact of Crusades

Answer 20

Demand for Asian luxury goods grows and stimulates trade (because soldiers brought back Asian goods from their crusades), Muslim scholarship and Greek learning enter Europe, and Europeans learn about technology like post office system, compass, papermaking, and gunpowder

Question 21

Women Professions in Europe were…

Answer 21

Weaving, brewing, midwifery, retail, spinning, nunnery and prostitution (in the 15th century, animals and water power replaced women, decreasing their rights)

Question 22

Changes during the Late Middle Ages

Answer 22

Black Death killed 1/3 of population but allows peasants to negotiate for more rights and money, Little Ice Age slowed growth, and the rise of states like England and France due to the weakening of feudal lords.

Question 23

Kiev Rus

Answer 23

State that was the most significant expansion of Orthodox Christianity. Developed due to trade along Dnieper River. Christianity helps unite citizens and also represented an interaction of cultures

Question 24

Urbanization

Answer 24

The growth of towns and cities at important trade cross-roads

Question 25

Rise of Guilds

Answer 25

Organization of people pursuing the same type of work.