Unit 1.5-6 (Devs in Afr. & Eu.) Flashcards
Sub-Saharan Africa
Started out with every family ruling themselves (men do laborious jobs and women farm/look after family) until population grew, chiefs governed groups of families, and eventually, kingdoms ruled.
Hausa Kingdoms
Collection of states that grew strong through trading and trans-Saharan trade routes
Ghana (West Afr.)
Muslim rulers traded gold and ivory for salt, cent. gov thanks to nobles and armies using iron weapons. Declined b/c of wars with neighboring states
Mali (West Afr.)
The king, Sundiata, grew strong from gold trade. Closely tied through Islam, declined due to shift in trade routes.
Zimbabwe (East Afr.)
Chiefs built zimbabwes (dwellings) out of stone instead of wood to show power. Grew strong through gold and taxing trade, spoke Swahili (blend of Bantu and Arabic). Walls used to protect central city (Great Zimbabwe).
Ethiopia (East Afr).
Christian kingdom and home of coffee beans. Showed power by building 11 churches out of stone. Participated in East. Afr. slave trade.
Indian Ocean Slave Trade
Prisoners of war, debtors, and criminals sent to India/Arabia from Africa. Slave ownership considered symbol of status, slaves worked in shipyards or sugar plantations.
Culture in Sub-Saharan Africa
Islam spread to west and east Afr. through trade alongside traditional Afr. religions that survived through songs and statues. Griots (oral storytellers) passed on and preserved Afr. history and were consulted by kings for advice.
Songhay Empire (West Afr.)
Controlled west Afr. trade routes, Islam was a religion for the elites, believed in magic and Islam
Timbuktu
Important trading center
Mughal Empire (India)
Created by Turkic invasion of India, inclusive of religions, spread Islam to SE Asia through trade
Feudalism
De-centralized political organization and economic system where food and taking care of land were exchanged for loyalty and protection (from Viking raids)
Feudalism Order
Monarchs gave fiefs (pieces of land) to Lords in exchange for protection, Lords gave land to Knights in exchange for protection, and Serfs farmed the lord’s land in exchange for protection
Europe was largely an ____ society and relied on ____
Agriculture society; relied on free peasant labor and serfs
Peasants vs. Serfs
Peasants had several rights while serfs were bound to the land they worked on due to debts. They had to ask Lords for permission to do things like marry or travel
Manorial system
Large land estates (on the fiefs given to Lords) that were economically self-sufficient and defended
Three Field Crop Rotation
Technology where two of three fields at a time were farmed on to keep soil nutrient rich.
Religions that shaped European society
Christianity, Judaism, and Islam
Crusades
Raids by European soldiers
Impact of Crusades
Demand for Asian luxury goods grows and stimulates trade (because soldiers brought back Asian goods from their crusades), Muslim scholarship and Greek learning enter Europe, and Europeans learn about technology like post office system, compass, papermaking, and gunpowder
Women Professions in Europe were…
Weaving, brewing, midwifery, retail, spinning, nunnery and prostitution (in the 15th century, animals and water power replaced women, decreasing their rights)
Changes during the Late Middle Ages
Black Death killed 1/3 of population but allows peasants to negotiate for more rights and money, Little Ice Age slowed growth, and the rise of states like England and France due to the weakening of feudal lords.
Kiev Rus
State that was the most significant expansion of Orthodox Christianity. Developed due to trade along Dnieper River. Christianity helps unite citizens and also represented an interaction of cultures
Urbanization
The growth of towns and cities at important trade cross-roads
Rise of Guilds
Organization of people pursuing the same type of work.
