Unit 4.1-3 (Technological Innovations, Causes/Events of Exploration & Columbus Exchange)

Question 1

What facilitated European technological developments, enabling transoceanic exploration?

Answer 1

Knowledge from the Classical, Islamic, and Asian worlds spreading (such as the compass, gunpowder canons, astrolabe, and lateen sail)

Question 2

Causes of European Exploration

Answer 2

New technological advancements and a desire for trade goods

Question 3

Caravel

Answer 3

A small, fast lateen sail ship used for long voyages

Question 4

Carrack Ship

Answer 4

A square, lateen sail ship used for trading

Question 5

To find new trade routes, states…

Answer 5

funded transoceanic maritime exploration (like Spain financing Christopher Columbus)

Question 6

Trade Post Empires

Answer 6

An economic tactic where an empire was based on multiple small outposts instead of controlling large territories

Question 7

Portuguese were at the front of exploration, they established trading post empires in…

Answer 7

Goa (India) and Malacca (SE Asia). It was funded by Prince Henry the Navigator, the first European monarch to pay for overseas expeditions in hope to find an all-water route to far EA for trade.

Question 8

Vasco de Gama

Answer 8

Portuguese explorer who was the first to sail to India around the tip of Africa

Question 9

The Three G’s of Spanish Conquest

Answer 9

Gold, Glory, God.

Question 10

Unlike the Portuguese, instead of trading post empires, the Spanish sought to create…

Answer 10

colonies.

Question 11

North Atlantic Crossings were conducted by ___, ____, and ____ to find…

Answer 11

England, France, and the Netherlands; to find a Northwest Passage (route to East Asia thru North Amer.)

Question 12

France established trading posts in ___ and were unlike the Portuguese because…

Answer 12

Quebec; they preferred to trade with local inhabitants instead of building settlements or taking over land.

Question 13

John Cabot

Answer 13

English explorer sent by the king to find a Northwest Passage and established colonies along the East Coat of the US such as Jamestown

Question 14

Henry Hudson

Answer 14

Dutch explorer sent to find a Northwest Passage and established New Amsterdam (now New York City)

Question 15

North America brought to Europe…

Answer 15

Tobacco, maize (corn), potatoes, and squash

Question 16

Europe brought to North Amer…

Answer 16

Bananas, sugar, livestock (cattle), grains (wheat), and diseases (small pox) along with slaves who brought okra and rice

Question 17

Columbian Exchange

Answer 17

The exchange of new plants, animals, and diseases caused by the new connections between the East and Western hemispheres

Question 18

Diseases Europe brought to America and How

Answer 18

Measles, Small Pox, and Malaria thru insects and rats

Question 19

Great Dying

Answer 19

The large amount of native people who died due to European diseases (up to 90% of indigenous populations died)

Question 20

What crops became a staple in various parts of Europe, Asia, and Afr?

Answer 20

Potatoes and corn caused a population explosion in Europe (especially Ireland) and yams increased population in Afr.

Question 21

Cash Crops

Answer 21

Crops produced for commercial value rather than for the grower such as SUGAR, tobacco, and cotton

Question 22

Cash crops were grown with…

Answer 22

coerced (forced) labor

Question 23

Sugar was grown in Central and South Amer. because…

Answer 23

they had the perfect environment for growing sugar, however, indigenous slaves that didn’t die often ran away because they knew the land.

Question 24

Engenhos

Answer 24

Engines/sugar plantations (mills) that relied on slave labor

Question 25

What percent of slaves went to the Caribbean and South Amer. and how many died each year?

Answer 25

90% of slaves went to Carribean/South Amer. and 5-10% died each year from difficult work conditions

Question 26

Creole

Answer 26

A blend of West African and European language

Question 27

Why was music important to Africans?

Answer 27

It unified slave culture and was a way that they were sometimes able to communicate. They ended up influencing many genres of American music like folk and blues.

Question 28

Negro Spirituals

Answer 28

Blend of European Christian music and African songs

Question 29

European impact on the Environment and Demographics

Answer 29

Europeans caused a lot of deforestation due to their amount of farming and millions of Africans were shipped from Afr. to the New World

Question 30

What item from America allowed Spain and other kingdoms to grow strong and why?

Answer 30

Silver, because Asians wanted it.