Unit 1.3-4 (Devs in South/SE Asia and Americas)

Question 1

What religions shaped the societies in south and SE Asia?

Answer 1

Hinduism, Buddhism, and Islam

Question 2

Hinduism

Answer 2

Polytheistic religion where karma is rewarded for dharma (religious duties) which is used to escape samsara (reincarnation) and ends in moksha (becoming one with Brahma).

Question 3

Caste System

Answer 3

A social system where one’s class is decided at birth

Question 4

Indian Caste System

Answer 4

Based off the Hindu caste system, separated people by their profession/trade; hard to move around in

Question 5

Theravada Buddhism

Answer 5

emphasized strict adherence to the Eight Fold Path to enter Nirvana

Question 6

Nirvana

Answer 6

Union with the universe; ceasing to exist

Question 7

Mahayana Buddhism (Spreads to China and SE Asia)

Answer 7

focuses on the grace of bodhisattvas (spiritual guides) who help believers get to Nirvana instead of personal work.

Question 8

Islam (Spread to SE Asia through trade/conquest)

Answer 8

Strict monotheistic religion worshipping Allah and treating all believers equally

Question 9

Bhakti Movement of Hinduism

Answer 9

A movement that emphasized the importance of emotion to Hindus rather than studying texts. Emphasized devotion to one deity and did not discriminate against women/people of low caste.

Question 10

Cultural Interactions in SA

Answer 10

Arab & Indian scholars trade information. Indians developments in algebra and geometry translated into Arabic and Arabic numerals originated in India

Question 11

Qutub Minar

Answer 11

An example of Muslim and Hindu architecture blending together; a mosque is built on top of a Hindu temple

Question 12

South Asian political structures were…

Answer 12

disunified

Question 13

Vijayanagara Empire (Victorious City; Southern India)

Answer 13

Maintained power through HINDUISM and Indian Ocean trade

Question 14

Rajput Kingdoms (Northern India)

Answer 14

Small, decentralized HINDU kingdoms that fought with one another, leaving them open to Muslim attack

Question 15

Delhi Sultanate

Answer 15

Muslim kingdom that conquered most of Northern India including Rajput, put jizya tax on all non-Muslims, converting some to Islam; Mongols prevent them from expanding more

Question 16

Southeast Asian kingdoms were strongly influenced by…

Answer 16

Indian culture.

Question 17

Srivijaya Empire (SE Asia; sea-based)

Answer 17

Hindu kingdom with a strong navy that taxed ships passing through.

Question 18

Majapahit Kingdom (SE Asia; sea-based)

Answer 18

Buddhist kingdom that earned money by controlling sea trade

Question 19

Sinhala Dynasties (SE Asia; land-based)

Answer 19

Buddhist kingdom that built irrigation systems to build an economy

Question 20

Khmer Kingdom (SE Asia; land-based)

Answer 20

Hindu/Buddhist kingdom that relied on maritime and irrigation system for power

Question 21

South Asian empires built large temples to…

Answer 21

honor their god and show power.

Question 22

Mississippian Culture

Answer 22

Agriculture-based societies ruled by a “Great Sun” and built giant earth mounds, declined due to flooding, failed crops, and disease.

Question 23

Matrilineal Society

Answer 23

Social standing was determined by one’s mother

Question 24

Iroquois Nations

Answer 24

Agriculture society in upstate New York relying mainly on corn and beans, had a confederation to suppress conflicts within tribe, couples lived with wife’s family and they had power over agriculture/property.

Question 25

Chaco Canyon

Answer 25

Chaco people adapted to their dry, hot climate and built houses out of stone and clay

Question 26

Mesa Verde

Answer 26

Used sandstone bricks to build multi-story houses into the sides of cliffs

Question 27

Maya City States (Southern Mexico)

Answer 27

City-states often fought against each other, Mayan kings were claimed to be descendants of gods, and common people paid taxes through crops. They worshipped sun, rain, and corn deities and often sacrificed humans to them, developed accurate Mayan calendar using stars. Declined due to shifting trade routes and environment degradation.

Question 28

Aztec/Mexica Empire (cent. Mexico)

Answer 28

Tenochtitlan, the central city, was located in a lake for protection. Ruled by a “Great Speaker” (theocracy), city-states were grouped into provinces. Performed human sacrifice to gods and used chinampas (floating gardens) to increase farmland. Decline caused by lack of technology innovations and resentment because of human sacrifice.

Question 29

Pachacuti

Answer 29

Leader who conquered and established the Incan empire (divided into provinces) and mit’a system (mandatory public service).

Question 30

Incan Empire

Answer 30

Quipos (knotted chords) kept and used for written records, Carpa Nan was a road throughout the empire helping keep control, and terraced farming allowed for farming on mountain sides. Worshipped the sun god Inti. Women were separate but equal w/ men. Conquered by Spanish conquistador.