Unit 4.1: Transport of nutrients-oxygen

Question 1

What are the three systems that use ATP to run

Answer 1

Phosphogen, glycotic, oxidative

Question 2

Describe the phosphogen system

Answer 2

ATP available in muscle cells and use phosphocreatine to synthesize more ATP
ADP (2 phosphates) to ATP (3 phosphates)
last 8-10 sec.

Question 3

Describe the glycotic system

Answer 3

synthesize more ATP by using glycolysis (lactic acid fermentation)
O2 is not used
glucose to 2 pyruvates

Question 4

Describe the oxidative system

Answer 4

synthesize more ATP using oxidative metabolism
requipes O2
Use pyruvate to citric acid cycle to electron transport system to chemiosmosis
“unlimited” : 95% of energy used by muscles

Question 5

What are the collected nutrients absorbed by the small intestine

Answer 5

1. monoglycerides and long-chain fatty acids modified to chylomicron before entering lacteal (lymphatic system)
2. monosaccharides and amino acids and short-chain fatty acids enter fenestrated capillaries (blood stream)

Question 6

Name the organs that have capillaries which empty blood into hepatic portal vein

Answer 6

Stomach, small intestine, and large intestine

Question 7

Where were does hepatic portal vein lead to?

Answer 7

The liver receives some nutrients from blood through hepatic portal vein and the remaining nutrients continue to heart

Question 8

Explain the pathway of blood

Answer 8

1. de-oxygenated blood from the liver enters right atrium
2. right atrium contracts blood enter right ventricule
3. right ventricle contract blood send to lungs picks up oxygen
4. oxygenated blood from lungs enters left atrium
5. left atrium contracts blood enters left ventricle
6. left ventricle contracts blood moves through body

Question 9

Explain the coordinated heartbeat

Answer 9

Signal initiated in SA node in right atrium that sends electrochemical signal to both atria
The signal reached the AV node and stimulate it which make it send a signal to both ventricles that causes contraction

Question 10

What is the direction of the blood in the veins? Arteries?

Answer 10

Veins go towards the heart.

Arteries go away from the heart

Question 11

What are the 3 types of capillaries

Answer 11

Continuous, fenestrated, sinusoid

Question 12

Explain the delivery of nutrients

Answer 12

movement of blood through capillaries is very slow.

Question 13

In a capillary, where is the pressure higher or lower?

Answer 13

The pressure is higher near arterial side which facilitate things coming out
The pressure is lower near venous side which facilitate things coming in