Unit 2: Animals Flashcards
What does chemoheterotrophs mean?
An organic source of carbon provide energy
From what animals evolved?
Protist that formed colonies
What are the four types of tissues present in animals
Epithelium, connective tissue, nervous tissue and muscle
What is the role of the epithelium (tissue)?
Covers exterior and interior surfaces
What are the 3 roles of the connective tissue
1) provide support
2) protect
3) bind other tissues together
What are the nervous tissue
controls other tissues/organs
what are the role of muscles
contract (shorten) to produce movement
left and right, top and bottom, superior and inferior, dorsal and ventral, front and back, anterior and posterior, head and tail are examples of?
Bilateral symmetry
Bilateral symmetry is present in..?
All animal groups except : Porifera (sponges) are asymmetrical and Radiata (jellyfish) have a radial symmetry (top/bottom but no front/back or left/right)
Describe the body cavity and its role?
It is a fluid-filled space, which develops in early embryo, providing space for organs and systems to develop (respiratory, cardiovascular, digestive, urinary and reproductive systems)
How many parts does the ventral body cavity has ?
1) Thoracic cavity (area above diaphragm)
2) Abdominopelvic cavity (area below diaphragm)
Which animals have a body cavity and which don’t?
All animal group have a body cavity except Porifera (sponges), Radiata (jellyfish) and Platyhelminths (flatworms).
What are the 3 advantages of animals having a body cavity?
1) more organs and systems
2) longer digestive tract which allows food to remain longer and increase the exposure of food of digestive enzymes and the absorption of nutrients
3) can store egg and sperm
What are the two openings of the digestive tract (GI)?
Mouth (food in) and anus ( wastes out)
Name in order the organs of the GI tract in humans?
Mouth, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine
What are the basic functions of the digestive tract?
Ingest: food enters, Digest: chemical/enzyme breakdown food, Absorb: nutrients, Defecate: waste
How does the food mix and move in the GI tract?
Smooth muscles in organs of GI tract mix and move food
What are the two animal groups that have a single opening/digestive cavity?
Radiata and platyhelminths have a mouth but no anus
What are the two animal groups who have two openings but no muscles to move the food?
Nematoda and Rotifera
How does the Nematoda and Rotifera move their food without muscles?
Food moves only when animal moves
Describe the movement of food for the animals have a complete digestive cavity
The muscles allow movement of the food independent of the animal movement
What is the purpose of jointed appendages?
Increase flexibility and efficiency of movement
Name two exemples of jointed appendages in humans
arms and legs
In vertebrates, movement uses muscles attached to what and controlled by what?
Muscles attached to bones (endoskeleton) and the movement is controlled by nervous system
What is the only animal group that does not have a nervous system?
Porifera has a neutral net
What is the name of the other animals groups with jointed appendages but who does not have muscles attached to the endoskeleton?
Arthropods have muscles attached to exoskeleton
How are called cells that divide to create the ova and engulfs the sperm?
Oocyte
Explain the process of cleavage?
To get from fertilization to the formation of hallow ball of cells called blastocyst by repeated cell division with no cell growth
To which group of animals does the term blastocyst applies ?
Mammal = blastocyst. Other animals : blastula
How are called the cells in blastocyst
blastomeres
How is called the fluid-filled body cavity in blastocyst
blastocoel
What is gastrulation
the rearrangement of cells to create 3 germ layers (the embryotic tissue endoderm, mesoderm, ectoderm)
What organs are formed from endoderm?
lungs, bladder, liver, pancreas, several glands
Name three organs developed from ectoderm?
skin, pituitary gland, nails, hair, tooth enamel, lenses of eyes, several glands (all have access to exterior surface of the body)
How is called the formation of organs
organogenesis
From which layers are these organs developed from : skeletal system, blood cells, blood vessels, kidneys?
Mesoderm
What are the three types of muscles?
Smooth, Skeletal, cardiac
How is called the part that become the body cavity in embryo?
Coelom
What animals have a complete digestive track?
Molluscs Annelids Arthropods Echinodermata Chordates
Which major animal phyla has jointed appendages and bones
Chordata
Name the 6 animal groups that have three embryonic tissue layers?
Platyhelminths, Nematoda, Mollusca, Annelids, Arthropods, vertebrates
