Unit 3 : Digestion

Question 1

What is the functions of the mouth?

Answer 1

Mechanical breakdown : mastication

Chemical breakdown: saliva from the salivary glands

Question 2

Where does amylase come from?

Answer 2

salivary amylase from salivary glands

pancreatic amylase from pancreas

Question 3

Why does the saliva contains water?

Answer 3

to solubilizes dry food and it is required for tasting

Question 4

What is lysozyme and where is it found (in GI)?

Answer 4

It is contained in the mouth (saliva) and it inhibits bacterial growth.

Question 5

What are the three actions food go through in the mouth?

Answer 5

1) Ground by teeth
2) Mixed with saliva
3) Moved/mixed and propelled by tongue

Question 6

How is call the round shape food is forms into by the mouth?

Answer 6

Bolus

Question 7

How does the pharynx and esophagus move/propel the bolus to stomach?

Answer 7

Using peristaltic contraction

Question 8

Name the five tissue layers typical of other GI tract organs?

Answer 8

From proximal to distal : Lumen, Mucosa, Submucosa, Smooth muscles, Adventitia.

Question 9

What is the role of the lumen?

Answer 9

It is a cavity or space

Question 10

What is the role of the mucosa?

Answer 10

Like epithelium, makes and secretes mucus

Question 11

What is the role of submucosa?

Answer 11

It connects epithelium to muscle

Question 12

What is the role of the smooth muscles?

Answer 12

It moves food through organ

Question 13

What is the role of adventitia?

Answer 13

It is the connective tissue - outside layer

Question 14

What are peristaltic waves?

Answer 14

Mechanical breakdown and propulsion used by oesophagus, stomach, small intestine and large intestine

Question 15

Where does the bolus becomes chyme?

Answer 15

In the stomach and it is slowly added to small intestine

Question 16

What does the stomach secretes?

Answer 16

Mucus (protects from acid/digestive enzymes)
H+ and Cl- from parietal cells
Pepsins from (chief cells protein-digesting enzymes)
Gastric lipase (break down lipids into polypeptides)

Question 17

What are the function (3) of hydrochloric acid?

Answer 17

solubilizes food particles
kills microbes
denatures (unfolds proteins)

Question 18

What substances does the stomach absorb?

Answer 18

Alcohol, aspirin, some drugs

Question 19

How is called the mechanical digestion mixing chyme with digestive juices in the small intestine

Answer 19

segmentation

Question 20

Where does the digestive juices use in the small intestin come from?

Answer 20

Pancreas, liver and gall bladder

Question 21

What are the organ that makes bile and the organ that stores it

Answer 21

Liver makes bile, gall bladder stores it

Question 22

What is the role of bile

Answer 22

To emulsify fats

Question 23

What breaks down carbohydrates into monosaccharides

Answer 23

Salivary amylase, pancreatic amylase and dextrinase from small intestine

Question 24

What does trypsin and chymotrypsin breaks down?

Answer 24

Proteins into smaller peptides

Question 25

What do pancreatic lipases break down?

Answer 25

lipids into fatty acids

Question 26

What are the two solutions that neutralizes the stomach acid

Answer 26

Bicarbonate and water

Question 27

What does the pancreas releases into small intestine

Answer 27

pancreatic amylase, trypsin and chymotrypsin, pancreatic lipases, bicarbonate and water

Question 28

what does the small intestine releases

Answer 28

peptidases, dextrinases, mucus and water

Question 29

What is the role of the mucus in the small intestine

Answer 29

lubricates to help things keep flowing

Question 30

What does peptidases breakdown?

Answer 30

small peptides to amino acids

Question 31

What does the small intestine absorb?

Answer 31

monosaccharides (glucose, fructose, galactose), amino acids, di-peptides, tri-peptides, fatty acids, nucleic acids, vitamins, electrolytes, water

Question 32

What does the large intestine propel?

Answer 32

food residue

Question 33

By what is the digestion made in the large intestine?

Answer 33

resident bacteria

Question 34

What does the large intestine absorb?

Answer 34

water, electrolytes, vitamin K

Question 35

What is defecated?

Answer 35

Waste and bacteria

Question 36

What type of muscle is the tongue?

Answer 36

Skeletal muscle

Question 37

By what are controlled smooth muscles?

Answer 37

Nervous system