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AP > Unit 4 Vocab (Political) > Flashcards

Unit 4 Vocab (Political) Flashcards

1
Q

Apartheid

A

Laws (no longer in effect) in South Africa that physically separated different races into different geographic areas

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2
Q

Black Lives Matter (BLM)

A

Movement that campaigns against violence and perceived racism toward black people and educates others about the challenges that black Americans continue to face in the US

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3
Q

Blockbusting

A

A process by which real estate convince white property owners to sell their houses at low prices because of fear that black people will soon move into the neighborhood

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4
Q

Census

A

A complete enumeration of a population

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5
Q

Ethnic Cleansing

A

A purposeful policy designed by one ethnic or religious group to remove by violent and terror-inspiring means the civilian population of another ethnic or religious group from certain geographic areas

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6
Q

Ethnicity

A

Identify with a group of people who share the cultural traditions of a particular homeland or hearthqEthnophobia

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7
Q

Genocide

A

The mass killing of a group of people who share the cultural traditions of a particular homeland or hearth

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8
Q

Nationalism

A

Loyalty and devotion to a particular nationality

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9
Q

Nationality

A

Identify with a group of people who share legal attachment to a particular country

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10
Q

Race

A

Identify with a group of people who are perceived to share a physiological trait, such as skin color

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11
Q

Racism

A

The belief that race is the primary determinate of human traits and capacities and that racial difference produce an inherent superiority of a particular race

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12
Q

Racist

A

A person who subscribes to the beliefs of racism

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13
Q

Redlining

A

A process by which financial institutions draw red-colored lines on a map and refuse to lend money for people to purchase or improve property within the lines

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14
Q

Sharecropper

A

A person who works fields rented from a land owner and pays the rent and repays the loans by turning over to the landowner a share of the crops

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15
Q

Triangular Slave Trade

A

A practice, primarily during the 18th century, in which European ships transported slaves from Africa to Caribbean Islands, molasses from the Caribbean to Europe and trade goods from Europe to Africa

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16
Q

Xenophobia

A

Fear of people who are from other countries

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17
Q

Air Defense Identification Zone

A

Air space across which a country unilaterally declares its right to identify, locate, and control civil aircraft in the interest of national security

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18
Q

Anocracy

A

A country that is not fully democratic or fully autocratic but rather displays a mix of the 2 types

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19
Q

Antecedent Boundary

A

A physical feature that serves as a boundary, so named because it existed before the present settlement

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20
Q

Autocracy

A

A country that i run according to the interests of the ruler rather than the people

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21
Q

Balance of Power

A

A condition of roughly equal strength between opposing countries or alliance of countries

22
Q

Boundary

A

An invisible line that marks the extent of a states territory

23
Q

City-State

A

A sovereign state compromising a city and its immediately surrounding countryside

24
Q

Colonialism

A

An attempt by one country to establish settlements and to impose its political, economic principles in another territory

25
Q

Colony

A

A territory that is legally tied to a sovereign state rather then completely independent

26
Q

Compact District

A

A local government district in which the residents live as near to one another as possible and the distance from the center to any boundary varies as little as possible

27
Q

Compact State

A

A state in which the distance from the center to any boundary does not vary significantly

28
Q

Consequent Boundary

A

A boundary that follows the distribution of cultural features, such as ethnicity, religion and language

29
Q

Democracy

A

A country in which citizens elect leaders and can run for office

30
Q

Elongated State

A

A state with a long, narrow shape

31
Q

Federal State

A

An internal organization of a state that allocates most powers of unites of local government

32
Q

Fragmented State

A

A state that includes several discontinuous pieces of territory

33
Q

Frontier

A

A zone separating 2 states in which neither state exercises political control

34
Q

Geometric Boundary

A

A boundary based on a human construct such as a straight line or a parallel of latitude

35
Q

Gerrymandering

A

The process of redrawing legislative boundaries for the purpose of benefiting the party in power

36
Q

Landlocked State

A

A state that does not have a direct outlet to the sea

37
Q

Microstate

A

A state that encompasses a very small land area

38
Q

Multinational State

A

A state that contains 2 or more cultural groups with traditions of self determination

39
Q

Nation

A

A large group of people who are united by common cultural characteristics, such as language and ethnicity, or by shared history

40
Q

Nation-State

A

A state whose teritory correponds to that occupied by a particular nation

41
Q

Perforated State

A

A state that completely surrounds another one

42
Q

Physical Boundary

A

A boundary that follows a significant feature of the natural landscape, such as a mountain range and river

43
Q

Prorupted State

A

An otherwise compact state with a large projecting extension

44
Q

Relic Boundary

A

A boundary that no longer functions but can still be detected on the cultural landscape

45
Q

Self-Determination

A

The concept that ethnicities have the right to govern themselves

46
Q

Sovereignty

A

Ability of a state to govern its territory free from control of its internal affairs by other states

47
Q

State

A

An area organized into a political unit and ruled by an established government that has control over its internal and foreign affairs

48
Q

Subsequent Boundary

A

A boundary that is established after the settlement of an are and is changed to reflect development such as war

49
Q

Superimposed Boundary

A

A boundary drawn on an area by a conquering or colonizing power that ignores existing cultural patterns

50
Q

Terrorism

A

The threatened or actual use of illegal force and violence by a non-state actor to attain a political, economic, religious, or social goal through fear, coercion, or intimitdation

51
Q

Unitary State

A

An internal organization of a state that places most power in the hands of central government officials

52
Q

Weapon of Mass Destruction

A

A nuclear, biological, chemical, or other weapons that can kill and bring significant harm to a large number of people or cause great damage to human-made structures, natural structures, or the biosphere

AP (9 decks)

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