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AP > Unit 1 Vocab > Flashcards

Unit 1 Vocab Flashcards

1
Q

Abiotic

A

Composed of non living or inorganic matter

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2
Q

Absolute Location

A

Description of the position of a place in a way that never changes (coordinates)

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3
Q

Acculturation

A

The process of changes in culture that result from the meeting of two groups, each of which retains distinct cultural traits

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4
Q

Assimilation

A

The process by which a groups cultural features are altered to resemble those of another group

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5
Q

Atmosphere

A

The thin layer of gases surrounding the Earth

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6
Q

Behavioral Geography

A

An approach to human geography that emphasizes the importance of understanding the psychological basis for individual human actions in space

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7
Q

Biosphere

A

All living organisms on Earth (plants, animals, microorganisms)

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8
Q

Biotic

A

Composed of living organisms

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9
Q

Cartogram

A

A map in which the size of an area is proportional to the value of the variable

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10
Q

Cartography

A

The science of making maps

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11
Q

Choropleth Map

A

A map that uses different colors or shades of the same color to show data

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12
Q

Citizen Science

A

Scientific research by amateur scientists

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13
Q

Climate

A

The long-term average weather condition at a particular location

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14
Q

Concentration

A

The extent of a features spread over a given area

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15
Q

Connection

A

The relationships among people and objects across the barrier of space

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16
Q

Conservation

A

The sustainable management of a natural resource to meet human needs

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17
Q

Contagious Diffusion

A

The rapid widespread diffusion of a feature or trend throughout a population

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18
Q

Coordinated Universal Time (UTC)

A

Informally Greenwich Mean Time. The time in the zone encompassing the prime meridian, or 0 degrees longitude

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19
Q

Cultural Ecology

A

A geographic approach that emphasizes human-environment relationships

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20
Q

Cultural Landscape

A

An approach to geography that emphasizes the relationships among social and physical phenomena in a place

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21
Q

Culture

A

The body of customary beliefs, material traits, and social forms that together constitutes the distinct tradition of a group of people

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22
Q

Density

A

The frequency with which something exists within a given unit area

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23
Q

Diffusion

A

The process by which a feature spreads from one place to another over time

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24
Q

Distance Decay

A

The diminished importance and eventual disappearance of a phenomenon with increasing distance from its origin (The farther something is, the less likely people are to interact with it)

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25
Q

Distribution

A

The arrangement of something across Earths surface

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26
Q

Dot Distribution Map

A

Maps that use dot symbols to show the presence or quantity of a phenomenon

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27
Q

Ecology

A

The scientific study of ecosystems

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28
Q

Ecosystem

A

A group of living organisms and the abiotic spheres with which they interact

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29
Q

Environmental Determinism

A

19th-20th century. Argues that the general laws sought by human geographers could be found in the physical sciences. The study of how the physical environment causes human activities

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30
Q

Expansion Diffusion

A

The spread of a feature or trend among people from one area to another in an additive process

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31
Q

Formal Region

A

An area in which most people share in one or more distinctive characteristics

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32
Q

Functional Region (Nodal Region)

A

An area organized around a nose or focal point

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33
Q

Geographic Information Science

A

Analysis of data about Earth acquired through satellite and other electronic information technologies

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34
Q

Geographic Information System (GIS)

A

A computer system that captures, stores, queries and displays geographic data

35
Q

Geotagging

A

Identification and storage of a piece of information by its precise latitude and longitude coordinates

36
Q

Global Positioning System (GPS)

A

A system that determines the precise position of something on Earth through a series of satellites, tracking stations and receivers

37
Q

Globalization

A

Actions or process that involve the entire world and result in making something worldwide in scope

38
Q

Graduated Symbol Map

A

A map that uses symbols that vary in size depending on the value of the variable. The bigger the symbol, the bigger the value

39
Q

Hearth

A

A place from which an innovation originates

40
Q

Hierarchical Diffusion

A

The spread of a feature or trend from one key person or node of authority or power to other persons or places. Starts at the top and works its way down

41
Q

Humanistic Geography

A

An approach to human geography that emphasizes the different ways that individuals form ideas about place and give those places symbolic meanings

42
Q

Hydrosphere

A

All of the water on and near Earths surface

43
Q

International Date Line

A

An arc that follows 180 degrees longitude (for the most part). When the international Date Line is crossed heading east, the clock moves back 24 hours. When it’s crossed heading West, the calendar moves ahead a day.

44
Q

Isoline Map

A

A map that connects places of a particular value by lines (Weather Maps)

45
Q

Latitude

A

The numbering system used to indicate the location of parallels drawn on a globe and measuring distance north and south of the equator. (The vertical lines)

46
Q

Lithosphere

A

Earths crust and a portion of upper mantle directly below the crust

47
Q

Location

A

The position of anything on Earths surface

48
Q

Longitude

A

The numbering system used to indicate the location of meridians drawn on a globe and measuring distance east and west of the prime meridian (The horizontal lines)

49
Q

Map

A

A 2D, or flat, representation of Earths surface or a portion of it

50
Q

Map Scale

A

The relationship between the size of an object on a map and the size of the actual feature on Earth’s surface

51
Q

Mashup

A

A map that overlays data from one source on top of a map provided by a mapping service

52
Q

Mental Map

A

A representation of a portion of Earths surface based on what an individual knows about place that contains personal impressions of what is in the place and where the place is located

53
Q

Meridian

A

An arc drawn on a map between the North and South poles

54
Q

Network

A

A chain of communication that connects places

55
Q

Parallel

A

A circle drawn around the globe parallel to the equator and at right angles to the meridians

56
Q

Participatory GIS (PGIS)

A

Community based mapping, representing local knowledge and information

57
Q

Pattern

A

The geometric or regular arrangement of something in a particular area

58
Q

Photogrammetry

A

The science of taking measurements of Earths surface from photographs

59
Q

Place

A

A specific point on Earth, distinguished by a particular characteristic

60
Q

Polder

A

Land that is created by draining water from an area

61
Q

Political Ecology

A

An approach to sustainability that focuses on how politics and economic power shape the ability to manage resources

62
Q

Possibilism

A

The theory that the physical environment may set limits on human actions, but people have the ability to adjust to the physical environment and choose a course of action from many alternatives

63
Q

Post-Structuralist Geography

A

Geographic approach that examines how the powerful in society dominate, or seek to control, less powerful groups, how the dominated groups occupy space and confrontations that result fro the domination

64
Q

Prime Meridian

A

The meridian, designated at 0 degrees longitude, that passes through the royal observatory at Greenwich, England

65
Q

Projection

A

A system used to transfer locations from Earth’s surface to a flat map

66
Q

Region

A

An area distinguished by one or more distinctive characteristics

67
Q

Relocation Diffusion

A

The spread of a feature or trend through physical movement of people from one place to another

68
Q

Remote Sensing

A

The acquisition of data about Earths surface from a satellite orbiting the planet or from other long distance methods

69
Q

Resource

A

A substance in the environment that is useful to people, is economically and technologically feasible to access and is socially acceptable to you

70
Q

Scale

A

The relationship between the portion of Earth being studied and Earth as a whole

71
Q

Site

A

The physical character of a place

72
Q

Situation (Relative Location)

A

The location of a place relative to another place

73
Q

Social Construction

A

An idea or a meaning that is widely accepted as natural by a society but may not represent a reality shared by those outside the society

74
Q

Space

A

The physical gap or interval between 2 objects

75
Q

Space-Time Compression

A

The reduction in the time it takes to diffuse something to a distant place as result of improved communications and transportation systems

76
Q

Spatial Association

A

The relationship between the distribution of one feature and the distribution of another feature

77
Q

Stimulus Diffusion

A

The spread of an underlying principle

78
Q

Sustainability

A

The use of Earths renewable and non renewable natural resources in ways that do not constrain resource use in the futureSy

79
Q

Syncretism

A

The combining of elements of 2 groups into a new cultural features

80
Q

Toponym

A

The name given to a portion of Earths surface

81
Q

Transnational Corporation

A

A company that conducts research, operates factories and sells products in many countries, not just where its head quarters or shareholders are located

82
Q

Uneven Development

A

The increasing gap in economic conditions between core and peripheral regions as a result of the globalization of the economy

83
Q

Vernacular Region (Perceptual Region)

A

An area that people believe exists as part of their cultural identity

84
Q

Volunteered Geographic Information (VGI)

A

Creation and dissemination of geographic data contributed voluntarily and for free by individuals

AP (9 decks)

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