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AP > Unit 3 Vocab (Culture) > Flashcards

Unit 3 Vocab (Culture) Flashcards

1
Q

Alternative Fact (Alt Fact)

A

A statement that can be proved to be false

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2
Q

Cultural Homogenization

A

The process of reduction in cultural diversity through the diffusion of popular culture

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3
Q

Custom

A

The frequent repetition of an act, to the extent that it becomes characteristic of the group of people performing the act

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4
Q

Cyber Espionage

A

The unauthorized and clandestine deployment of a virus to observe or destroy data in the computer systems of government agencies and large corporations

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5
Q

Ecotourism

A

Responsible travel to natural areas that conserves the environment, sustains the well-being of local people, and involves interpretation and education

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6
Q

Fake News

A

A false report disseminated under the guise of an authentic news report, created to maliciously spread misinformation and mislead consumers of the content

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7
Q

Folk Culture

A

Culture traditionally practiced by a small, homogeneous, rural group living in relative isolation from other groups

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8
Q

Franchise

A

An agreement between a corporation and business people to market that corporations products in a local area

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9
Q

Habit

A

A repetitive act performed by a particular individual

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10
Q

Malware (Malicious Software)

A

Hostile or intrusive computer software designed to cause intentional harm

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11
Q

Overtourism

A

A phenomenon where by certain places of interest are visited by excessive numbers of tourists, causing undesirable effects for the places visited

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12
Q

Popular Culture

A

Culture found in a large heterogeneous society that shares certain habits and seeks similar material goods despite differences in other personal characteristics

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13
Q

Ransomware (Cryptoviral Extortion)

A

A form of malware that encrypts the victims compute files, making them inaccessible, until a ransom is paid to decrypt them

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14
Q

Responsible Tourism

A

Tourism that minimizes negative economic, environmental and social impacts and generates greater benefits for local people

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15
Q

Taboo

A

A restriction on a behavior imposed by social custom

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16
Q

Terrior

A

The contribution of a locations distinctive environment to the way food produced there tastes

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17
Q

Trolling

A

The practice of posting deliberately inflammatory, extraneous, or off-topic messages in social media in order to provoke quarrels or otherwise upset people

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18
Q

Voluntourism

A

A form of tourism in which travelers participate in voluntary work, typically for a nonprofit organization

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19
Q

Web Application Attack

A

An exploitation of vulnerability in the coding of an app in order to gain access to a database

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20
Q

African American Vernacular English (AAVE)

A

A dialect used by some black Americans

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21
Q

Centrifugal Force

A

A cultural value that tends to pull people apart

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22
Q

Centripetal Force

A

A cultural value that tends to unify people

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23
Q

Creole Language

A

language that results from the mixing of a colonizers language with the indigenous language of the people being dominated

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24
Q

Denglish

A

A combination of Deutsche and English

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25
Q

Dialect

A

A regional variety of a language distinguished by a vocabulary, spelling, and pronunciation

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26
Q

Endangered Language

A

A language that is threatened or dying because it is losing users and may not be retained by the younger generation

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27
Q

Extinct Language

A

A language that was once used by people in daily activities but is no longer used

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28
Q

Franglais

A

A combination of Francais (French) and anglais (English)

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29
Q

Institutional Language

A

A language used in education, work, mass media, and government

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30
Q

Isogloss

A

A boundary that separates regions in which different language usages predominate

31
Q

Isolated Language

A

A language that is unrelated to any other languages and therefore not attached to any language family

32
Q

Language

A

A system of communication through speech, movement, sounds, or symbols that a group of people understands to have the same meaning

33
Q

Language Branch

A

A collection of languages related through a common ancestor that can be confirmed through archaeological evidence

34
Q

Language Family

A

A collection of languages to each other through a common ancestor long before recorded history

35
Q

Language Group

A

A collection of languages within a branch that share a common origin in the relatively recent past and display relatively few difference in grammar and vocabulary

36
Q

Lingua Franca

A

A language mutually understood and commonly used in trade by people who have different native languages

37
Q

Linguist

A

A specialist in the study of human languages

38
Q

Literary Tradition

A

A language that is written as well as spoken

39
Q

Logogram

A

A symbol that represents a word rather than a sound

40
Q

Mutual Intelligibility

A

The ability of people communicating in 2 ways to readily understand each other without prior familiarity or special effort

41
Q

Official Language

A

The language adopted for use by a government for the conduct of business and publication of documents

42
Q

Pidgin Language

A

A form of language that adopts a simplified grammar and limited vocabulary of a lingua franca. Used for communications among speakers of 2 different languages

43
Q

Received Pronunciation (RP)

A

The dialect of English commonly used by politicians, broadcasters, and actors in the UK

44
Q

Spanglish

A

A combination of Spanish and English spoken by some Hispanic Americans

45
Q

Stable Language

A

A language in daily use by people of all ages

46
Q

Standard Language

A

The form of a language used for official government, business, education and mass communication

47
Q

Subdialect

A

A subdivision of a dialect

48
Q

Working Language

A

A language designated by an international organization or corporation as its primary means of communication for daily correspondence and conversation

49
Q

Agnosticism

A

The belief that the existence of God cannot be proven or disproven empirically

50
Q

Animism

A

The belief that objects, such as plants and stones, or natural events, like thunderstorms and earthquakes, have a discrete spirit and conscious life

51
Q

Atheism

A

The belief that God does not exist

52
Q

Autonomous Religion

A

A religion that does not have a central authority but shares ideas and cooperates informally

53
Q

Branch

A

A large and fundamental division within a religion

54
Q

Caste

A

The class or district heredity order into which a Hindu is assigned, according to religious law

55
Q

Congregation

A

A local assembly of persons brought together for common religious worship

56
Q

Cosmogony

A

A set of beliefs concerning the origin of the universe

57
Q

Denomination

A

A division of a branch that unites a number of local congregations into a single legal and administrative body

58
Q

Ethnic Religion

A

A religion with a relatively concentrated spacial distribution whose principles are likely to be based on the physical characteristics of the popular location in which its adherents are concentrated

59
Q

Fundamentalism

A

Literal interpretation and strict adherence to basic principles of a religion (or a religious branch denomination, or congregation)

60
Q

Ghetto

A

During the middle ages, a neighborhood in a city set up by law to be inhaHierarchicbited only by Jews; now used to denote a section of a city in which members of a group live because of social, legal, or economic discrimination

61
Q

Hierarchical Religion

A

A religion in which a central authority exercises a high degree of control

62
Q

Lunar Calendar

A

A calendar with months that correspond to cycles of moon phases

63
Q

Lunisolar Calendar

A

A calendar with lunar months that are brought into alignment with the solar year through some process

64
Q

Missionary

A

An individual who helps to diffuses a universalizing religion

65
Q

Monotheism

A

The doctrine of or belief in the existence of only one god

66
Q

Pilgrimage

A

A journey to a place considered sacred for religious purposes

67
Q

Polytheism

A

Belief in or worship of more than one god

68
Q

Secular

A

Altitudes or activities that have no religious or spiritual basis

69
Q

Solar Calendar

A

A calendar that relates to the season or the apparent position of the sun in relation to the stars

70
Q

Solstice

A

An astronomical event that happens twice each year when the tilt of Earth’s axis is most inclined toward or away from the sun, causing the suns apparent position in the sky to reach its northernmost or southernmost extreme, and resulting in the shortest and longest days of the year

71
Q

Syncretic

A

Combining several religious traditions

72
Q

Universalizing Religion

A

A religion that attempts to appeal to all people, not just those living in a particular location

73
Q

Utopian Settlement

A

A community built around an ideal way of life, often based on a religion

74
Q

Varna

A

The traditional caste system in India that once allocated people to one of four social classes

AP (9 decks)

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