Unit 4 Topic 2 - Interpersonal processes Flashcards
Define bystander intervention (4.2.1.1)
the act of a person voluntarily helping someone else
Summarise
Bibb Darley & John Latane’s, 1968
(4.2.1.1)
AIM:
hypothesised people do not fail to help people because of ‘moral decay’ or ‘alienation’ but because of the presence of bystanders
METHOD:
3 IV groups
victim & participant
victim, confederate, and participant
victim, four confederates and participant
RESULTS:
the presence of bystanders reduced the individual’s feelings of personal responsibility and lowered the speed of reporting
the more bystanders, the less likely a person is to help
SUMMARY:
people do not tend to help others in the presence of bystanders (the bystander effect)
low external validity
low population validity
Describe prosocial behaviour and provide an example (4.2.1.2)
any behaviour that benefits another person or society (positive)
e.g. helping someone
Describe the reciprocity principle (4.2.1.2)
humans will be kind to others if they have been kind to them
Describe social responsibility (4.2.1.2)
expectation of individuals to help those in society who are in need
Identify the 4 factors that influence prosocial behaviour (4.2.1.3)
Empathy, mood, competence and altruism
Distinguish between empathy, mood, competence and altrusim (4.2.1.3)
Empathy
the ability to identify feelings of others
Mood
emotional state of person at any given time
Competence
ability to apply skills or actions required in circumstances
Altruism
behaving in selfless manner, even when there is little to no benefit
Define antisocial behaviour (4.2.1.4)
any behaviour deemed to be harmful to harmful to others and by extension, the community.
Identify 5 factors which influence antisocial behaviour (4.2.1.4)
Groupthink
Diffusion of Responsibility
Audience Inhibition
Social Influence
Cost-Benefit Analysis
Explain groupthink as a factor influencing antisocial behaviour (4.2.1.4)
the reluctance to help based on what the group thinks
Explain diffusion of responsbility as a factor influencing antisocial behaviour (4.2.1.4)
each person sees themselves less responsible than others to help
Explain audience inhibition as a factor influencing antisocial behaviour (4.2.1.4)
presence of others reduces the likelihood of helping
Explain social influence as a factor influencing antisocial behaviour (4.2.1.4)
the reaction of the group influences how other people will react
Explain cost-benefit analysis as a factor influencing antisocial behaviour (4.2.1.4)
analysis of the pros and cons of the situation to make a decision
Explain the general aggression model (4.2.1.5)
GAM suggests that certain events (insults or slaps) can activate aggressive thoughts, aggressive emotions, or a combination of both, which can trigger an aggressive impulse
How was the general aggression model developed (4.2.1.5)
investigate if short-term exposure to violent or aggressive stimuli could induce aggressive interpretations by making hostile situations accessible
used violent video games as the stimulus in their study, and then assessed their responses to a range of scenarios (given story, predict how it ends)
Identify 3 factors which influence aggression (4.2.1.6)
Advertising, Video Games, Social Media
Summarise
Buss, Abbott, Angleitner, Asherian, Biaggio et al, 1990
(4.2.1.7)
AIM:
to determine if there are certain universal traits which influence mate selection worldwide
METHOD:
very high and diverse sample size
participants completed a questionnaire to get results
RESULTS:
mutual attraction + love is number 1 reason people form relationships
‘chastity’ is largest difference between cultures
woman tended to care more about money, social status, and ambition
men tended to care about age more than woman
physical attraction valued more by males
SUMMARY:
culture has string effect on human mate preferences
traditional values versus modern approaches
minimal differences between male and female cultures and countries
ISSUE: translation of survey limits reliability and people could have lied in survey
Explain the 3 social and cognitive origins of attraction (4.2.1.8)
Proximity – people are more likely to become friends with people who are geographically close
Reciprocity – giving as much as you receive can influence the attraction and longevity of a relationship (perceived as ‘reward’ rather than ‘cost’)
Similarity – people who are like each other are more likely to find each other as attractive
Define relationship dissolution (4.2.1.9)
the ending of a relationship initiated by at least one partner in the relationship
Identify the five stages in order of Rollie & Duck, 2006 relationship dissolution (4.2.1.9)
Intra-Psychic Phase
Dyadic Phase
Social Phase
Grave-Dressing Phase
Resurrection Phase
Explain the Intra-Phychic Phase of Rollie & Duck, 2006 relationship dissolution (4.2.1.9)
a person’s internal thought process that occurs before confronting the partner (when person internally admits they are dissatisfied)
Explain the Dyadic Phase of Rollie & Duck, 2006 relationship dissolution (4.2.1.9)
volume of verbal confrontation between the parties to the relationship (person confronts partner about dissatisfaction)
Explain the Social Phase of Rollie & Duck, 2006 relationship dissolution (4.2.1.9)
point in which the dissolution process become public, up to this point it has been private (couple involves relatives/friends for support)
Explain the Grave-Dressing Phase of Rollie & Duck, 2006 relationship dissolution (4.2.1.9)
signs of the closure of the previous relationship and readiness to start a new one (couple rebuilding life without their significant other)
Explain the Resurrection Phase of Rollie & Duck, 2006 relationship dissolution (4.2.1.9)
individual has moved beyond the pain of the relationship and may have experienced personal growth (individual has moved on from ex-partner)
Explain why the Rollie & Duck, 2006 relationship dissolution stages are used (4.2.1.9)
The five stages can help explain and predict why and how relationships end (and the process involved with each partner).
