Unit 4 - Sensation and Perception Flashcards
The chemical senses.
Smell and Taste
Wherein the top horizontal line looks longer
Ponzo Illusion
Gives information about body position, movement and acceleration.
Vestibular Sense
Three (3) layers of skin senses
- Epidermis,
- Dermis
- Subcutaneous adipose tissue.
Five (5) kinds of sensation;
- Touch
- Pressure
- Warmth
- Cold
- Pain
A visual disorder in which both eyes cannot focus on the same point at the same time.
Strabismus (cross-eyed)
A condition where a person can see distant object with greater activity than nearby objects.
Farsightedness (hyperopia)
Stems from exposure to very loud sounds.
Stimulation Deafness
Allows us to perceive an object as having constant lightness even while its illumination varies.
Lightness Constancy
Completing the missing or unfinished form or pattern to complete an element
Closure
Parallel lines appear to converge in the distance; the greater this effect, the farther away an object appear to be.
Linear Perspective
What are the three (3) auditory problems
Conduction Deafness
Sensory-neural Deafness
Stimulation Deafness
The process of becoming less sensitive to stimulation.
Desensitization
Which the vertical line looks longer.
Horizontal-Vertical Illusion
Our perception of odors is affected by our exposure to certain stimulation. It’s affected by our sensitivity to stimulus, temperature of the substances and the taste qualities in our tongue.
Olfactory and Gustatory Perception
A line disappear at an angle behind a solid figure, reappearing at the other side.
Poggendorff Illusion
In perceiving distance and direction of sound, we are using our binaural cues.
Sound Perception
The colored part of the eye.
Iris
when we travel in a vehicle, objects far away appear to move in the same direction as the observer, whereas close objects move in the opposite direction
Motion Parallax
has no shape and seems to continue behind the figure and has no definite location.
Ground
More common than total color blind and it is a sex-linked trait that strike mostly males. They are called dichromats.
Partial Color Blindness
Described certain principles or laws for grouping stimuli together;
Gestaltist
The larger the image of an object on the retina, the larger it perceived to be. Likewise, if an object is larger than other objects, it is often perceived as closer.
Size
Which is the foretelling of future events.
Precognition
Sensitive to various basic odors; flowery, misty, musky, ethereal, pungent, putrid and burnt.
The Nose
The ear and its basic structure
The Hearing
The tendency to perceive the same object as being the same size eventhough the size of its image on the retina varies as a function of its distance.
Size Constancy
Perceptions that are not based on input from our sensory receptors
Extrasensory Perception (ESP)
Tells about the minimum difference in the magnitude of two stimuli present.
Difference Threshold
A condition in which persons suffering from this are monochromats and sensitive to light (dark only)
Color Blindness
A condition characterized by brittleness of the lens which usually begins at about the age of 38 – 46
Presbyopia
Which has a definite shape and a location in space.
Figure
A process which detect physical energy from the environment and encode it as a neural signals
Sensation
A visual disorder caused by abnormal curvature of the lens, so that images are indistinct or distorted
Astigmatism
Makes us perceive objects as retaining their color eventhough lighting conditions may alter their appearance
Color Constancy
A transparent protective structure
Cornea
A postage-stamp-sized structure that contains two types of lights.
Retina
Is the sense that gives us information about the location of our body parts and allows us to perform from a simple touching of nose to more complex movements such as dancing, driving and gymnastics.
Kinesthesia
A condition where a person is capable of seeing nearby objects with greater activity than distant objects
Nearsightedness (myopia)
We would be able to identify with precision whether we were touched with a pin, a feather or a flat surface.
Tactual Perception
In order to see close objects, our eyes turn inward, toward one another; the greater this movement, the closer such objects appear to be.
Convergence
The minimal amount by which a source of energy must be increased or decreased so that a difference in intensity will be perceived.
Just Noticeable Difference
Usually stems from damage to the structures of the inner ear most often the loss of hair cells which will not regenerate
Sensory-neural Deafness
Occurs because of damage to the structures of the middle ear, either to the eardrum or to the three bones.
Conduction Deafness
Which sound stimulates the ear closer to the sound more strongly.
Intensity Difference
The ability to perceive objects or events that do not directly stimulate your sense organs.
Clairvoyance
The receptor organ for vision
The Eye
Our two eyes observe objects from slightly different positions in space; the difference between those two images is interpreted by our brain to provide another cue to depth.
Retinal Disparity
Below the horizon, objects lower down in our field of vision are perceived as closer; above the horizon, objects higher up are seen as closer.
Height Cues
The texture of a surface appears smoother as distance increases
Texture Gradient
The process by which we organize, interpret, or make sense of our sensory experiences.
Perception
We perceive spots, lines, or areas as a single unit when uniform and linked
Connectedness
The grouping of elements into feature easiest to understand.
Simplicity
The process of becoming more sensitive to stimulation.
Sensitization
Contains the eardrum and three small bones; the hammer, the anvil and the stirrup, which transmit sound by vibrating. It functions as an amplifier, it increases the magnitude of the air pressure.
Middle Ear
In which the sound waves are detected by one ear earlier than the other.
Time Difference
What are the types of perception
- Visual Perception
- Movement Perception
- Depth Perception
- Sound Perception
- Olfactory and Gustatory
Perception - Extrasensory Perception (ESP)
- Perception of Time
- Perception of Persons
- Tactual Perception
The ability to send message to another person through the mind.
Telepathy
Suited for sensing auditory stimulation or hearing.
The Ear
This tells the pressure of a sound wave at any part, place or movement.
Phase Difference
A tendency to perceive a stationary point of light as moving in a dark room.
Auto Kinetic Effect
In which the bottom line looks longer than the top line.
Muller-Lyer Illusion
Occurs as a result of the on-off process of switching the row of light as seen in an electronic scoreboard in a baseball or basketball stadium
Phi Phenomenon
Sharpness of vision or the ability to discriminate usual details which can be measured though a Snellen chart.
Visual acuity
List the six (6) visual problems
- Visual Acuity
- Presbyopia
- Strabismus (crossed-eyed)
- Astigmatism
- Color Blindness
- Partial Color Blindness
The grouping of various elements organized to create a form.
Continuity
Makes motion picture possible which is done through the presentation of a rapid progression of images of stationary objects.
Stroboscopic Motion
The grouping of like elements within a group with different elements.
Orientation
The farther away objects are the less distinctly they are seen.
Atmospheric Perspective
Various factors affect our perception of person such as attitudes, physical characteristics of the person being perceived, stereotypes and prejudices as well as our interests and values
Perception of Persons
This phenomenon allows us to perceive an object as unchanging while the stimuli we receive from it changes. Thus we can identify things regardless of viewing angle, distances and illumination.
Perceptual Constancies
The ability to affect the physical world purely through thought.
Psychokinesis or Telekinesis
The eye and its basic structure.
The vision
If one object overlaps another, it is seen as being closer than the one it covers.
Overlap
Divides the line between what energy can be detected or not.
Threshold
Moving objects whether they are people, animals, cars or trees of earth plummeting down a hillside.
Real Movement
A clear structure in which shape adjusts to permit us to focus on objects at varying distances
Lens
Perception can provide false interpretation of sensory information, known as illusion; which refers to incorrect perception.
Perceptual Illusion
We group nearby figures together
Proximity
A round opening in which size varies with lighting conditions.
Pupil
Allows us to perceive familiar objects as having a constant form even when our retinal images of them change.
Shape Constancy
The oval window transmits vibrations into the inner ear, the bony tube called cochlea, shaped like a snail
Inner Ear
The minimal amount of energy that can produce a sensation
Absolute Threshold
Shaped to funnel sound waves to the eardrum, a thin membrane that vibrates in response to sound waves and thereby transmits them to the middle and inner ears.
Outer Ear
Found in the visceral organs such as stomach, intestines, internal sex organs, lungs, throat and heart.
Organic Sensation
Made possible through our experience, conditioning and some organic conditions which give us cues.
Perception of Time
Figures are similar to each other, we group them together
Similarity
The largest organ in our body
The skin
