Unit 3 - Physiological bases of Behavior Flashcards
What are the eight (8) types of endocrine glands
Pituitary Gland
Pineal Gland
Thyroid Gland
Parathyroid Gland
Thymus Gland
Adrenal Gland
Islets of Langerhans
Gonads/Sex Glands
Name the two (2) laws governing the neurons
All or Nothing Law
Law of Dynamic Polarity
Other term for Endocrine System
Ductless Gland
Is composed of the pons, medulla oblongata and the cerebellum. It is connected to the spinal cord.
Hindbrain
Also known as the master gland. It secretes a number of hormones that affect the activities of almost all the endocrine glands.
Pituitary Gland
Carry messages or nerve impulses away from the brain
Motor or Efferent Neurons
Butterfly-shaped gland. It secretes thyroxine and idothyroxine which affect growth and metabolism
Thyroid Gland
What are the parts of Neuron
- Cell body or Cyton
- Dendrites
- Axon
What are the 12 pairs of cranial nerves
Olfactory – nose
Optic – eyes
Oculo-motor – eyes
Trochlear – eyes
Trigeminal – eyes, jaw, cheek, tongue
Abducent – eyes
Facial – face and forehead
Glossopharyngeal – tongue and pharynx
Vagus – neck, thorax and abdomen
Accessory – pharyngeal and laryngeal muscle
Hypoglossal – tongue
Vestibule-cochlear – ears
The basic structural and functional unit of the nervous system.
The Neuron or Nerve Cell
It is a long and stem-like structure running down the vertebral column. It is composed of nerves that lead to and from the brain.
The Spinal Cord
States that it is either that neuron reacts or not at all, but if it does react, it reacts with fullest strength
All or Nothing Law
Is found right on top of the midbrain and serves as a relay center of the impulses being sent to the brain areas
Thalamus
What are the two (2) main functions of spinal cord
- provide connector mechanisms
for reflex reactions - transmit messages to and from
the brain
Has two division; the adrenal cortex – which secretes cortin or adrenal androgens and adrenal medulla – which secretes adrenaline and noradrenaline.
Adrenal Gland
Made up of the brain and the spinal cord. The brain is house in the skull and the spinal cord is found in the vertebral column. It serves as the integrating mechanism of the entire human body
The Central Nervous System
Compose of all the nerve fiber that connect the receptors to the central nervous system and which further connects the central nervous system to the effectors.
The Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)
The central portion with a nucleus, cytoplasm and a cell membrane
Cell Body or Cyton
Consists of the cerebrum, thalamus and hypothalamus.
Forebrain
What are the three (3) major division of the brain?
Forebrain
Midbrain
Hindbrain
Neurons are grouped into three (3), What are these?
- Sensory or Afferent Neurons
- Motor or Efferent Neurons
- Inter-neurons, Connector
Neurons or Association
Neurons
Also known as the gland of childhood. It controls the activity of the reproductive organs. It secretes the hormone melatonin.
Pineal Gland
Small bodies made up of clusters of special cells scattered all over the pancreas.
Islets of Langerhans
Consist of the brain and the spinal cord.
The Central Nervous System (CNS)
Covers the cranial sacral regions. It slows down the life activities. It restores the body-stored energy thus calming down the body after resolving a stressful and emergency situations
Parasympathetic
Also called the gland of babyhood. It keeps an individual childish. It secretes thymosin. This gland helps in building up the immune system of the body.
Thymus Gland
An elongated strand with one or several formations at the far end called end brush.
Axon
Involved with the process of maintaining the biochemical equilibrium in the body or homeostasis.
Endocrine System
Serves as the bridge between the hindbrain and the forebrain. It is also involved in auditory and visual activities.
Midbrain
What are the two (2) peripheral nervous system
- Somantic Nervous System
- Autonomic or Visceral Nervous
Carry messages or nerve impulses within the brain.
Inter-neurons, Connector Neurons or Association Neurons
States that impulses travel only in one direction from neuron to neuron.
Law of Dynamic Polarity
Carry messages or nerve impulses from the sense organ toward the brain
Sensory or Afferent Neurons
Composed of the sympathetic and parasympathetic systems. This division of the nervous system is responsible for all involuntary movements within the body that keep us alive
Autonomic or Visceral Nervous
Pea-shaped gland. It secretes parathormone which controls the calcium level in the blood.
Parathyroid Gland
What are the 31 Pairs of spinal nerves
Cervical (neck) – 8 pairs
Thoracic region – 12 pairs
Lumbar region – 5 pairs
Sacral region – 5 pairs
Coccygeal region – 1 pair
Is made up mostly of the nerve fibers running from one part of the brain to the others
Pons
Is the most complex and largest part of the brain and considered as the seat of consciousness.
Cerebrum
Covers the activities of the internal organs within the thoracic-lumbar regions. It activates and speed up life activities. It leads to increase adrenaline secretion by the adrenal gland that is needed for threatening or emergency situations.
Sympathetic
Called little brain. It enables us to learn and develop our habits and skills. It regulates our tongue and jaw movements during speech.
Cerebellum
Jelly-like and extra soft weighing about 1,400 grams. It is the master organ and is the busiest part of the body. It controls and directs all activities in the nervous system. As the master or the chief organ, it is responsible for the integration of the central nervous system and the peripheral nervous system.
The Brain
Regulates the involuntary muscles responsible for our heartbeat, rate of breathing or respiration, swallowing and movements of the stomach and intestine.
Medulla Oblongata
Keeps the balance of different body systems mainly because of its close involvement with the endocrine system which releases hormones inside the body. Considered as the seat of emotion. It maintains homeostasis by regulating some involuntary activities like body temperature, thirst and sexual drive as well as our emotional behaviors.
Hypothalamus
Short branching processes whose function is to receive nerve impulses and carry them toward the cell body.
Dendrites
