UNIT 4 ➜ SAC 2 Flashcards
Define Sustainability
Refers to meeting the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs
Define Economic Sustainability
What are the 4 considerations associated with Economic sustainability?
Ensuring that average incomes in all countries are adequate to sustain a decent standard of living and continue to rise in line with inflation and living costs in the future
- Innovation and diversity of industries
- Job creation
- Economic growth
- Trade
Define Social sustainability
What are the 5 considerations associated with Social sustainability?
Creating an equitable society that meets the needs of all citizens and can be maintained indefinitely.
- Elimination of poverty + the provision of social protection systems
- Gender equality
- Access to safe and decent working conditions
- Promotion of political and legal rights
- Peace and security
Define Environmental sustainability
What are the 4 considerations associated with Environmental sustainability?
Ensuring the natural environment is used in a way that will preserve resources into the future
- Biodiversity
- Use of natural resources
- Waste removal and pollution
- Climate change
Define Human Development
Creating an environment in which people can develop to their full potential and lead productive, creative lives according to their needs and interests. It is about expanding people’s choices and enhancing capabilities (the range of things people can be and do), having access to knowledge, health and a decent standard of living, and participating in the life of their community and decisions affecting their lives
Define the Human Development Index (HDI)
A tool developed by the United Nations to measure and rank countries’ levels of social and economic development. It provides a single statistic based on three dimensions — a long and healthy life, knowledge and a decent standard of living — and four indicators — life expectancy at birth, mean years of schooling, expected years of schooling and Gross National Income per capita.
List the 3 DIMENSIONS and 4 INDICATORS associated with HDI
Dimensions
◦ A long and healthy life
◦ Knowledge
◦ A decent standard of living
Indicators ◦ Life expectancy at birth ◦ Mean years of schooling ◦ Expected years of schooling ◦ Gross National Income per capita
Define Life expectancy at birth
An indication of how long a person can expect to live; it is the number of years of life remaining to a person at birth if death rates do not change.
Define Mean years of Schooling
The average number of years of education achieved by those aged 25 years and over.
Define Expected years of Schooling
The number of years of education expected for a child of school entrance age.
Define Gross National Income per capita
The overall income of a country after expenses owing to other countries have been paid, divided by the population of the country.
List 3 advantages and disadvantages of the HDI
Advantages
- More than just average incomes: education, life expectancy
- Composite statistic: makes comparison easier
- Can analyse a country’s progress
Disadvantages
- Only uses selected aspects of human development
- Based on averages
- No survey data: doesn’t measure feelings or issues
HDI splits countries into 4 different categories. What are they?
◦ Very high human development
◦ High human development
◦ Medium human development
◦ Low human development.
a) Define Global trends
b) What are the 4 global trends discussed within the chapter?
a) Patterns of social, environmental and economic activity that affects many countries and require action to be taken on a global level
b)
- Climate change (rising sea levels, changing weather patterns + more extreme weather events)
- Conflict and mass migration
- Increased world trade and tourism
- Digital technologies that enable increased knowledge sharing
a) Define Climate change
a) Refers to long-term shifts in temperatures and weather patterns over decades or longer.
