UNIT 3 ➜ SAC 3 Flashcards
CHAPTER 5
Describe the term ‘old public health’
‘Old public health’ refers to the actions taken by the government that focused on improving the physical environment to reduce ill-health
CHAPTER 5
What is meant by the term ‘public health’?
HINT - Answer has definition + 1 extra dot point
Relates to the actions of the government that work to promote h+wb and prevent illness
○ Particularly, the ways the government monitor, regulate and promote h+wb and prevent illness
CHAPTER 5
What are 5 factors that contributed to poor living conditions in the early 20th century?
○ Minimal access to clean water + sanitation
○ Waste littered streets - attracting mice/rats who carried diseases
○ Overcrowding + poor quality housing
○ Poor QUALITY and SAFETY of food
○ Dangerous working conditions + Lack of OHS regulation
CHAPTER 5
What are the policies and practices that are associated with Old public health?
HINT = There are 9 different policies and practices
○ Improved water and sanitation ○ Better quality housing + fewer slums ○ Introduction of Quarantine laws ○ Mass immunisation programs ○ Safer working conditions ○ Better quality food + nutrition ○ More hygienic birthing practices ○ Provision of antenatal + infant welfare services ○ Establishment of public health campaigns to prevent infectious diseases
CHAPTER 5
Define the Biomedical model of Health AND what are some of its key characteristics?
Focuses on the physical or biological aspects of disease + illness. Its a medical model practised by doctors and health professionals and is associated with the diagnosis, treatment and cure of disease.
○ Emphasis on doctors, specialists, use of medical tech + research
○ Referred to as the ‘quick fix’ or ‘bandaid’ approach - fixes the problem but doesn’t address the cause
○ Individuals are the focus but are not encouraged to take responsibility for their own health
CHAPTER 5
What are some advantages and disadvantages of the Biomedical model of Health?
✅. Advantages
- ⇧ Life expectancy due to illness/disease being cured, treated etc.
- Chronic conditions can be effectively managed w/ medication
❌ Disadvantages
- Encourages the belief that all conditions can be cured
- Doesn’t address the cause/determinants of health conditions
- $$ = requires use of expensive tech, medication + health professionals
CHAPTER 5
Describe what is meant by the term ‘new’ public health?
An approach to health that expands the traditional focus on individual behaviour change to one that considers the ways in which physical, sociocultural and political environments impact on health.
*Also referred to as the Social model of health.
CHAPTER 5
What are some key characteristics of the Social model of health?
HINT - There are 4 listed
○ Aims to change behaviours
○ Barriers are addressed, preventing disease + illness altogether
○ Addresses determinants of health: physical, sociocultural and political environments
○ Uses policies, education, support and health promotion activities
CHAPTER 5
What are the 5 principles of the Social Model of Health?
○ Addresses broader determinants of health ○ Acts to reduce social inequities ○ Empowers individuals and communities ○ Acts to enable access to healthcare ○ Involves intersectoral collaboration
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What does ‘Addresses the broader determinants of health’ refer to?
Refers to addressing all aspects of health, particularly differences between population groups/perspectives, to improve overall health status.
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What does ‘Involves intersectoral collaboration’ refer to?
Refers to having groups from many sectors, such as government, health and the private sector, working together to achieve a common goal.
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What does ‘Acts to reduce social inequities’ refer to?
Refers to addressing the sociocultural factors that contribute to inequities, so that disadvantaged people can also experience optimal health and health status.
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What does ‘Empower individuals and communities’ refer to?
Refers to building an individual’s or a community’s health knowledge, skills and confidence so they can make positive changes and participate in decision-making about their h+wb.
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What does ‘Acts to enable access to healthcare’ refer to?
Refers to:
Everyone has the right to access affordable + culturally appropriate healthcare based on their needs via suitable formats.
CHAPTER 5
What are some advantages and disadvantages to the Social model of Health?
✅. Advantages
- Encourages individuals and populations to adopt a responsible approach to health = improve quantity + quality of life, prevent disease + illness
- Cost-effective: investment is cheaper
- Focuses on vulnerable populations, promotes health outcomes
❌ Disadvantages
- Harder to measure its effectiveness and success
- Leaves responsibility w/ the person and is based around the notion that they are willing to change their behaviour
- Not every condition can be prevented (e.g. genetic conditions)
