Exam Revision - Tricky concepts/topics to REVIEW Flashcards
What are the Economic characteristics associated with High-income countries?
**Can be swapped around to suit low and middle-income
- Higher average incomes
- Lower levels of poverty
- Opportunities for global trade
- Wide range of industries
What are the Social characteristics associated with High-income countries?
**Can be swapped around to suit low and middle-income
- Higher levels of gender equality
- Lower birth rates + population growth
- Higher levels of education
- Higher levels of employment
- Developed social security systems
- Developed health systems
- Access to technology
- Developed legal systems
What are the Environmental characteristics associated with High-income countries?
**Can be swapped around to suit low and middle-income
- Food security
- Access to safe water and sanitation
- Adequate infrastructure
- Adequate housing
- High levels of carbon dioxide emissions
Define Sustainability
Meeting the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs
Define Economic sustainability
Ensuring that average incomes in all countries are adequate to sustain a decent standard of living and continue to rise in line with inflation and living costs in the future.
- Job creation
- Trade
- Economic growth
- Innovation + diversity of industries
Define Social sustainability
Creating an equitable society that meets the needs of all citizens and can be maintained indefinitely.
- Gender equality
- Peace and security
- Access to safe and decent working conditions
- Elimination of poverty + provision of social security systems
- Promotion of political and legal rights
Define Environmental sustainability
Ensuring the natural environment is used in a way that will preserve resources into the future.
- Biodiversity
- Climate change
- Waste removal and pollution
- Use of natural resources
What are the Biological factors contributing to variations in Health status?
- Birth weight
- Body weight
- Glucose regulation
- Blood pressure
- Blood cholesterol
- Genetics including sex and hormones
What are the Sociocultural factors contributing to variations in Health status?
- SES
- Cultural norms
- Unemployment
- Access to healthcare
- Social isolation
- Social connections and social exclusion
- Early life experiences
- Food security
What are the Environmental factors contributing to variations in Health status?
- Urban design and infrastructure
- Housing
- Work environment
- Climate and climate change
Indigenous VS Non-Indigenous
a) List 2 differences between the two
b) List 2 factors from each group (Bio, Socio., Enviro.) that contribute to these differences
- Lower life expectancy
- Higher rates of STIs, dental decay/caries, U5MR and infant mortality
BIO = Higher blood pressure, Body weight (Syndrome X)
SOCIO = Low SES, Food insecurity, Early life experiences
ENVIRO = Live in remote areas, Poorer quality housing, Poorer water + sanitation in communities
Males VS Females
a) List 2 differences between the two
b) List 2 factors from each group (Bio, Socio., Enviro.) that contribute to these differences
- Lower life expectancy
- Higher rates of Type 2 diabetes, CVD, and Injuries (Suicide, violence + road trauma)
BIO = Higher rates of obesity, Higher rates of hypertension
SOCIO = Cultural influences (e.g. ‘Macho’), Traditional gender roles (e.g. Contact sports, Physically laborious jobs)
ENVIRO = Often work in more dangerous environments (greater exposure to UV rays, heavy equipment, spending more time on roads)
Low SES VS High SES
a) List 2 differences between the two
b) List 2 factors from each group (Bio, Socio., Enviro.) that contribute to these differences
- Lower life expectancy
- Higher rates of infant mortality, heart disease/stroke, mental + behavioural problems
BIO = Higher rates of obesity, Higher rates of hypertension
SOCIO = Lower levels of health literacy, Less likely to access healthcare ($$), Early life experiences (smoking whilst pregnant)
ENVIRO = Closer proximity to fast-food outlets, Neighbourhood safety (Living in fear?)
People living outside major cities VS People living in major cities
a) List 2 differences between the two
b) List 2 factors from each group (Bio, Socio., Enviro.) that contribute to these differences
- Lower life expectancy
- Higher rates of preventable cancers, mental health issues, dental decay, suicide + injury + violence
BIO = Higher rates of overweight/obesity, Higher rates of blood cholesterol
SOCIO = Lower incomes, Limited access to health professionals
ENVIRO = Poor road quality, Greater proximity to shops + transport + employment
Optimal h+wb and its importance as a resource INDIVIDUALLY
- Work productively
- Gain an education
- Earn an income
- Spend time with friends
- Work towards a purpose in life
- Increase leisure time
- Live independently
- Sleep well
- Maintain positive thought patterns
- Contribute to family life + run a household effectively
