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Rangitoto test study > Unit 4 RR JSS Flashcards > Flashcards

Unit 4 RR JSS Flashcards

1
Q

What does democracy mean?

A

Rule by the people, a system of government which allows people to choose their rulers by voting for them in elections.

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2
Q

How did democracy begin?

A

A few societies saw how people did not get say in who ran their society as unfair, and fought for a say in how their society was governed. The first society to do this was the Ancient Greek city of Athens.

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3
Q

What are the different parts of the Ancient Greek system of Democracy?

A

The Ekklesia, The Boule, The Dikasteria

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4
Q

What did the Ekklesia do?

A

The Ekklesia was the main assembly of citizens who met 40 times a year and made laws and decisions based on the majority vote. Any male citizen could attend.

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5
Q

What did the Boule do?

A

The Boule was a group of 500 men who served for one year and decided what issues to take to the Ekklesia. They met daily, and the members were chosen randomly.

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6
Q

What did the Dikasteria do?

A

The Dikasteria were a group who dealt with crimes, they decided who would be tried and what their sentences would be. The jurors were chosen daily, at random from a group of male citizens over 30.

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7
Q

Who were and weren’t involved in the democracy of Athens?

A

Involved: Males over the age of 18
Not involved: Women, prisoners, slaves, children.

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8
Q

What is absolute monarchy?

A

The head of state is a king, queen, sultan or equivalent, and have total control over the law. Nobody could overrule them.

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9
Q

What is constitutional monarchy?

A

The head of state is a king, queen, sultan or equivalent, but the country is run by an elected government and the monarch is a figurehead with little political power.

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10
Q

What is parliamentary democracy?

A

The party/parties with the greatest elected representation in parliament forms the government. Its leader becomes prime minister or chancellor.

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11
Q

What is communist dictatorship?

A

Usually a one-party state, where either elections do not happen at all or they are fixed. Leader/ruling parties have total power without many limitations, and are often defined by human rights abuses. All property/jobs/businesses owned and operated by the government.

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12
Q

What is presidential republic?

A

A head of state is elected separately from the parliament, so may not be the leader of the most popular party, or indeed, have anything to do with them. This leader usually serves fixed terms, unlike in parliamentary democracies.

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13
Q

What is military dictatorship?

A

Military has partial or complete control over the government, often because they have overthrown the previous leader. Head of state is often a high-ranked military officer. Was common in Latin America in the 20th Century.

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14
Q

What is theocracy?

A

The state’s legal system is based on religious law, and other religions are usually banned. Government ministers are often senior religious leaders. Was very common in ancient civilizations.

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15
Q

Define “human rights”

A

Rights are things that all humans should have, simply to exist.

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16
Q

What does representation mean?

A

Speaking or acting on behalf of someone.

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17
Q

What type of government does NZ have?

A

Constitutional monarchy and parliamentary democracy.

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18
Q

Who can vote in NZ?

A

Any legal NZ resident aged over 18 can vote.

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19
Q

Is voting mandatory in NZ?

A

You do not have to vote. In some countries, like Australia, voting is mandatory.

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20
Q

How many Members of Parliament are there in NZ parliament?

A

120

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21
Q

What power does the monarchy have in NZ?

A

The King is a figurehead, which means he has no political power. However, he has a representative in NZ (the Governor General) who signs off on official documents on his behalf.

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22
Q

What is the name of NZ’s voting system, and what does it mean?

A

Mixed Member Proportional. It began in 1996, voters have two votes: Party and Local Member of Parliament.

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23
Q

What is parliament and who runs the country?

A

Parliament is all MPs; the government is those running the country.

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24
Q

What is the difference between central and local government?

A

Central Government:
* Makes decisions for all NZers
* Makes laws for all NZers
* Provides services such as housing, welfare, education, health, justice, immigration and the police.
Local Government:
* Makes decisions for people living within the local area.
* Makes bylaws for people living within the local area.
* Provides services such as rubbish collection, water, street lighting, public transport and libraries.

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25
Q

Why is voting important?

A

Auckland Council is important for:
* The quality of water from your tap and at your local beaches
* Making walking and cycling safer in Auckland
* Play spaces for children in your local parks
* What cultural and sporting events are taking place near you
* The rates you pay and the services and assets they pay for
* A range of other things, like bus timetables, checking buildings are built properly, restaurant health rules, alcohol licences, public art and rules around where you can walk your dog.

26
Q

What does society mean?

A

A group of people with shared interests or proximity.

27
Q

What are the three branches of government?

A

The Legislature (Parliament), the Executive (Cabinet and Ministers outside Cabinet, plus government departments), and the Judiciary

28
Q

How often are elections held in NZ?

A

Every 3 years

29
Q

How many times can you be prime minister?

A

Unlimited

30
Q

What is PAT for and what does it stand for?

A

It is for source interpretation. It stands for: purpose, audience, tone

31
Q

What does suffrage mean?

A

The right to vote in political elections and referendums.

32
Q

What might happen when certain groups aren’t allowed to vote?

A

If certain groups are denied the right to vote, then they miss out on having a government that represents them and their needs. This not only shapes the society at that time, but also has long term consequences for the future generations. This would affect things such as: healthcare, immigration, employment, education

33
Q

What is a petition?

A

A petition is requesting a some document kind of change. It is signed by many people and presented to a government or company.

34
Q

What is a march in the terms of social actions?

A

A march is a visible way to show support for or against something. Large numbers of people walk enmasse to a designated endpoint where often a rally is held.

35
Q

What requirements did you have to meet to be able to vote in the 1800s NZ?

A

21 years or older, male, a British subject, a landowner

36
Q

How many signatures were collected on the petition in 1893?

A

Approximately 32,000

37
Q

How long was the roll of signatures?

A

274 metres long.

38
Q

When was Germany unified?

A

1871

39
Q

Who created the constitution that ruled Germany?

A

Otto von Bismarck

40
Q

How much did Germany’s population grow after it was unified?

A

From 41 to 67 million by 1914

41
Q

What were the two houses that made up Germany’s government?

A

Reichstag for the people and Bundesrat that represented the 25 states.

42
Q

Who was the first emperor of Germany and how long did they rule for?

A

Kaiser Wilhelm I, 1871-1888

43
Q

What happens to Germany in 1918?

A

They lose the WWI.

44
Q

When does Germany turn into a democracy and what was it called?

A

1919, The Weimar Republic.

45
Q

When does Hitler end the Weimar Republic?

A

1934

46
Q

When were Nuremberg Laws created and why were they created?

A

1935, they were designed to discriminate against Jewish people and keep them separate from other Germans.

47
Q

What did the Nuremberg Laws state?

A

Who Could be Jewish: The laws said that a person was considered Jewish if they had three or four Jewish grandparents, even if they didn’t practice the Jewish religion or didn’t identify as Jewish.
No Marriage: Jewish people were not allowed to marry or have sexual relations with non-Jewish Germans. This was to keep the “purity” of the so-called Aryan race.
Jobs and Rights: Jewish people were also banned from working in certain professions like teaching or working in government jobs.
Loss of Citizenship: Jewish people were stripped of their German citizenship, which meant they didn’t have the same rights as other Germans.

48
Q

What were the Gestapo?

A

The Gestapo was a branch of the Secret State which dealt with political opponents with terror and unpredictable arrest.

49
Q

How did the Gestapo affect the communities?

A

The Gestapo was a branch of the Secret State which dealt with political opponents with terror and unpredictable arrest. Living in Constant Fear, Fear of Being Reported, Anxiety About Arrests, Isolation and Distrust

50
Q

How did the Holocaust begin?

A

The Holocaust began with the rise of Adolf Hitler and the Nazi Party in Germany. They believed in a racist idea that Germans were superior and that Jews, along with other groups like Romani people, disabled individuals, and political dissidents, were inferior and a threat to society. They blamed Jews for many of the world’s problems and used propaganda to spread hatred.

51
Q

When did the Nazis start taking away the rights of the Jews?

A

1933-1939

52
Q

During which period of time were concentration camps established in Germany?

A

1939-1941

53
Q

What happened in Germany in 1941-1945?

A

The Nazis introduced the “Final Solution,” a plan to exterminate all Jews. They set up extermination camps where millions were killed in gas chambers.

54
Q

Who were persecuted in the Holocaust?

A

Jews: Six million Jews were killed, including men, women, and children. Other Groups: Romani people, disabled individuals, political prisoners, homosexuals, and others.

55
Q

What happened to those who were sent to concentration camps?

A

Forced Labour: Many prisoners were made to work under brutal conditions for the Nazi war effort or for companies.
Persecution and Control: The Nazis used these camps to imprison and control groups they targeted.
Extermination: Some concentration camps, known as extermination or death camps, were specifically designed for mass murder. Prisoners were killed in gas chambers or through other means.

56
Q

Who was Anne Frank?

A

Anne Frank was a German teenager who escaped Germany during the Nazi Dictatorship. Her family fled to the Netherlands but when the Nazis invaded they decided to go into hiding. While in hiding, Anne wrote a diary and this was published after her death. Anne’s family were reported and they were taken to a concentration camp.

57
Q

What are some features of dictatorship?

A

Usually one source of information that is often state-controlled. The use of propaganda. The ‘state’ is more important than individual people’s rights. Zero tolerance of dissent….no criticism of the Leader or the State. The use of censorship. A focus on the military The use of fear to control or oppress people

58
Q

Who is the head of state in NZ?

A

King Charles III

59
Q

When did Maori men gain the right to vote?

A

1867

60
Q

What are the two main types Maori governance?

A

Ariki and Rangatira

61
Q

What are the 4 concepts?

A

Governance, Policy, Rights, Representation.

62
Q

What do the four concepts mean?

A

Governance: The process of making and enforcing decisions within an organisation or society
Policy: A law, regulation, or procedure that is enforced by an authority
Rights: Things that should be available to all people.
Representation: Speaking or acting on behalf of someone so that their rights are protected.

Rangitoto test study (9 decks)

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