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Rangitoto test study > Biology Revision > Flashcards

Biology Revision Flashcards

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1
Q

What does MRS GREN stand for?

A

Movement, Respiration, Sensitivity, Growth, Reproduction, Excretion, Nutrition

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2
Q

What is movement?

A

Living things moving themselves using their own energy.

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3
Q

What is respiration?

A

The release of energy for life
processes. Creates waste products.

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4
Q

What is sensitivity?

A

Living organisms reacting to their environment.

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5
Q

What is growth?

A

Living organisms growing throughout their lives.

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6
Q

What is reproduction?

A

All living organisms reproduce to ensure the survival of the species.

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7
Q

What is excretion?

A

Excretion is the removal of wastes the are produced by the organism.

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8
Q

What is nutrition?

A

Making energy by taking in food. Plants can make their own food by photosynthesis. Animals eat other organisms to obtain energy.

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9
Q

What are the parts in an animal cell?

A

Nucleus, mitochondria, cytoplasm, cell membrane.

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10
Q

What are the parts in a plant cell?

A

Nucleus, mitochondria, cytoplasm, cell membrane, cell wall, chloroplast, large vacuole

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11
Q

What are the parts of the plant cell that animal cells don’t have?

A

Large vacuole (or just vacuole), cell wall, chloroplast.

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12
Q

What is the function of the nucleus?

A

Holds the cell’s DNA and controls the functions of the cell

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13
Q

What is the function of the mitochondria?

A

Generates the energy needed to power the cell.

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14
Q

What is the function of the cytoplasm?

A

Jelly like substance that fills the cell and where chemical reactions occur

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15
Q

What is the function of the cell membrane?

A

Controls which substances enter and exit the cell.

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16
Q

What is the function of the cell wall?

A

Provide rigid support to the cell.

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17
Q

What is the function of the chloroplast?

A

Site of photosynthesis in the cell.

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18
Q

What is the function of the large vacuole?

A

Stores food and water inside the cell and fills the inside of the cell to help keep it firm

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19
Q

Why are producers important to food webs?

A

Producers make their own food (in the form of glucose) and therefore create the baseline of a food web. Other animals survive by eating producers and gain the energy the producers made themselves. Consumers cannot make their own food.

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20
Q

What is a producer?

A

Organisms that manufactures food by utilising energy from the sun.

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21
Q

What is a primary consumer?

A

Organisms that eat producers, herbivores.

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22
Q

What is a secondary consumer?

A

Organisms that eat primary consumers, carnivores.

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23
Q

What is a tertiary consumer?

A

Organisms that eat secondary consumers, carnivores that eat carnivores.

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24
Q

What is a consumer?

A

An organism that obtains energy by eating other organisms.

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25
Q

Explain what a structural adaptation is.

A

Physical part of an organism’s body that enables it to survive in its habitat (on the outside)

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26
Q

Explain what a behavioural adaptation is.

A

Behaviour(something an organism does) of an organism that enables it to survive in a particular habitat

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27
Q

Explain what a physiological adaptation is.

A

Adaptations such as a change in the organism’s biochemistry or internal mechanisms to deal with an environmental problem. (on the inside)

28
Q

Explain why hawks have excellent eyesight

A

This enables hawks to see their prey better. Seeing prey better means they can catch more food and so survive better

29
Q

What is a carnivore?

A

An animal that feeds on other animals.

30
Q

What is a herbivore?

A

An animal that feeds on plants.

31
Q

What is an omnivore?

A

An animal that feeds on both plants and animals.

32
Q

What is the definition for an endemic species?

A

A species of organism that is only
found in one area of the world.

33
Q

What is the definition of an extinct species?

A

A species of organisms that has no living members

34
Q

Why does Aotearoa have so many unique species?

A

NZ separated from Gondwanaland 80 million years ago. New Zealand species evolved without mammalian predators.

35
Q

Why are New Zealand birds so vulnerable to mammalian predators?

A

When we separated from Gondwanaland 80mya, mammals hadn’t evolved yet. Therefore, our species evolved without mammalian predators and consequently do not have many adaptations against their predation.

36
Q

What are 3 main reasons that so many species in Aotearoa are at risk of extinction?

A

Deforestation/habitat loss/compition, Overhunting/fishing, Introduced pests/mammals

37
Q

How can mauri (life force/essence) be restored to New Zealand’s native plants and animals?

A

Rahuis (prohibitions) can be put in place to stop areas being used and degraded/pests being spread. We can also show guardianship by managing our land and protecting its resources.

38
Q

What are the 5 kindoms of living organisms?

A

Prokaryote/Monera, Protista, Fungi, Plantae and Animalia.

39
Q

What are the traits of the Prokaryote/Monera kingdom?

A
  • Unicellular
  • Only seen under microscope
  • Do not have a nuclei or chloroplast
  • Absorbs food only
40
Q

What are the traits of the Protista kingdom?

A
  • Unicellular and multicellular
  • Has mitochondria and chloroplasts and nucleus
  • Live in water
  • Absorbs or makes own food by photosynthesis
  • Microscopic to large in size
41
Q

What are the traits of the Fungi kingdom?

A
  • Have nucleus
  • External digestion of food
  • Unicellular and multicellular also immobile
  • Large organism
42
Q

What are the traits of the Plantae kingdom?

A
  • Makes own food by photosynthesis
  • Have nucleus
  • Multicellular
  • Large organism
43
Q

What are the traits of the Animalia kingdom?

A
  • Have nucleus
  • Multicellular
  • Mobile
  • Eats other organisms
  • Large organism
44
Q

What are the two parts of a binomial naming system?

A

Genus then species

45
Q

Rules of writing scientific names?

A

Must be underlined if written by hand, capital letter for genus name, no capital letter for species name.

46
Q

Define ecology

A

Ecology is the study of relationships of organisms with the environment around them (both living and non-living aspects).

47
Q

Define species

A

Organisms of the same species if they normally interbreed and produce offspring. Members of species belong to the same gene pool are reproductively isolated from other species.

48
Q

Define population

A

A group of individuals of the same species that live together in the same area at the same time.

49
Q

Define community

A

All the populations in an ecosystem.

50
Q

Define habitat

A

The place in which an organism lives. It provides the kinds of food and shelter, the temperature, and the amount of moisture the organism needs to survive

51
Q

Define ecosystem

A

All the organisms living in an area and the nonliving features of their environment

52
Q

Define adaptation

A

Adaptations are inherited special features or behaviours (traits) that increase a population’s chance of survival in its habitat and so increase its chance of reproducing.

53
Q

What are the three types of adaptations?

A

Structural, behavioural, and physiological

54
Q

What do the arrows show us on a food chain/web?

A

The direction of the flow of energy

55
Q

What is a food web?

A

Food web is used to represent all of the feeding relationships in an ecosystem combine all of the food chains.

56
Q

What is a trophic level?

A

The trophic level of an organism is the position it occupies in a food chain.

57
Q

What is the 10% rule?

A

Only 10% of the energy is passed onto next trophic level in the food web, 90% are lost through heat from respiration, movement, in urine and faece. This is why food chains are not usually longer than 4-5 organisms, the energy is not enough to sustain life anymore.

58
Q

What is a predator and a prey?

A

A predator is an organism that hunts and eats other animals. Prey is an organism that is hunted by a predator

59
Q

What would happen if the number of prey decreased?

A

The food source for the predator is limited and so some will starve and die. This means the number of predators also decreases.

60
Q

Define endangered

A

A species is endangered if the population numbers are very low and it is at risk of extinction in the near future.

61
Q

Explain why biodiversity is essential for the overall health of an ecosystem

A

A more diverse ecosystem supports more organisms and a more diverse food web. Each species plays a specific role in the ecosystem, (give examples of roles) helping to maintain balance and ensure the functioning of natural processes. Natural biodiversity provide overall wellbeing for members in the community. The ecosystem as a whole is more likely to survive any changes and are more resilient to environmental changes and disturbances (give examples).

62
Q

What are some ways of conservation?

A

Removing introduced predators, restoring predator free habitats, translocation between these populations.

63
Q

What are some advantages and disadvantages of restoring predator free habitats?

A

Advantages: Enhances the natural environment, supporting not only for the targeted species but also other marine life.
Disadvantages: Restoration projects can be costly, take a long time to show results, and may be impacted by ongoing environmental changes.

64
Q

What are some advantages and disadvantages of translocation between populations?

A

Advantages: Increases Population Size, restores ecosystems, maintains genetic diversity.
Disadvantages: high cost and resource intensive, risk of failure, stress on translocated individuals

65
Q

What is mauri?

A

The interconnected life force (energy) that connects all things in an ecosystem

66
Q

What is Tiakitanga?

A

It is a way of managing the environment, based on the Māori world view.

67
Q

What is a rahui?

A

A prohibition against a particular area or activity, to protect a resource

Rangitoto test study (7 decks)

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