Chemistry revision Flashcards
Define Matter
Matter is anything that has mass and takes up space.
State Particle Theory
The particle theory of matter states that all matter is composed of tiny particles.
What are the 7 properties of solids?
- Regular Arrangement
- Particles very close
- Particles can only vibrate
- Not fluid
- Fixed Volume
- Fixed Shape
- Cannot be compressed
What are the properties of a liquid?
- Somewhat random arrangement
- Particles somewhat close
- Particles can move around each
other - Fluid
- Fixed Volume
- Take Shape of bottom of
container - Cannot be compressed
What are the 7 properties of gases?
- Random Arrangement
- Particles far apart with space in
between - Particles can move around each
other quickly - Fluid
- No fixed Volume
- Take Shape of of container
- Can be compressed
Identify the state of matter of orange juice and justify using the properties of matter
Orange juice is a liquid because it has no fixed shape but has a fixed volume. It will flow when poured and take the shape of the container it is put in.
Identify the state of matter of air and justify using the properties of matter
Oxygen is a gas because it has no
fixed shape and no fixed volume. It will flow when poured and take the shape of the container it is put in.
Identify the state of matter of a ruler (at room temp) and justify using the properties of matter
A ruler is a solid because it has a fixed shape and a fixed volume. It doesn’t flow and cannot be poured.
It does not take the shape of the container it is put in.
Explain melting (key phrases in a paragraph)
- Heat and kinetic energy is gained
- Causes the particles to vibrate faster.
- The space between the particles increases
- Overcomes the attraction between particles.
- Solid will melt and change into a liquid.
Explain freezing (key phrases in a paragraph)
- Heat and kinetic energy is lost.
- Causes the particles to move slower.
- The space between the particles decreases
- Attraction between particles becomes strong.
- Liquid freezes and changes into a solid.
Explain evaporating (key phrases in a paragraph)
- Heat and kinetic energy is gained
- Causes the particles to move faster.
- The space between the particles increases
- Weakens, then overcomes the attraction between particles.
- Liquid evaporates and changes into gas.
Explain Expansion (Key Phrases)
- Heat and kinetic energy is gained
- Causes particles to move faster
- More space between particles
- It expands
Explain Contraction
- Heat and kinetic energy is lost
- Causes particles to move slower
- Less space between particles
- It contracts
Define Density
Density is a measure of the number of particles per unit volume.
Unit for density
g/cm^3
Beryllium symbol
Be
Define Compound
A pure substance made up of two or more elements chemically joined together.
Fluorine symbol
F
Sodium symbol
Na
Phosphorus symbol
P
Define Element
A pure substance made up of only one type of atom.
Sulfur symbol
S
Potassium symbol
K
What is a solvent?
The liquid that does the dissolving
Copper symbol
Cu
Iron symbol
Fe
Mercury symbol
Hg
What is a solute?
The solid that is dissolved in the solvent
What is a solution?
A solvent with a solute in it
What is a dilute solution?
A solution with a low number of solute particles dissolved in a given volume of solvent.
What is a concentrated solution?
A solution with a high number of solute particles dissolved in a given volume of solvent.
What is the outermost shell with electrons in it is called?
Valence shell
What is a saturated solution?
A solution that cannot dissolve any more solute particles in the solvent.
What charge does a proton have?
Positive
What is the electron configuration of silicon?
2,8,4
What charge does a neutron have?
Neutral
What is a group?
A group is a column on the periodic table, the group of an element is linked to the number of valence electrons it has.
What charge does an electron have?
Negative
Where are neutrons and protons located in an atom?
In the nucleus
What is filtration, and what does it separate?
Separation technique to separate an insoluble solid from a liquid – the small holes in the filter paper stop the solid going through, but let the water pass.
What is a period?
A period is a row on the periodic table, an element is in is linked to the number of occupied shells an element has
How do you calculate the number of neutrons?
Mass number - atomic number
Explain why atoms are neutral overall.
[An element]’s atomic numeber is [n], meaning it has [n] protons and [n] electrons. Electrons have a negative charge, and protons a positive charge, so they cancel out. Neutrons have no charge, so [the element]’s has a neutral charge overall.
What is a mixture?
A mixture is a substance made up of 2 or more types of substances that are not chemically joined
What is a compound?
A compound is a substance made up of 2 or more types of atoms chemically joined
What is chromatography, and what does it separate?
It uses the capillary action of water to separate different coloured pigments.
What is evaporation, and what does it separate?
This is used to separate a solid that is
dissolved in water. Water evaporates, leaving the solid behind.
What is distillation, and what does it separate?
This is used to separate two liquids with different boiling points that are mixed together.
What is melting?
Solid to liquid
What is a liquid turning into gas called?
Evaporation
What is sublimation?
Solid to gas
What is gas turning into solid called?
Reverse sublimation/deposition
What is condensation?
Gas into liquid
What is liquid turning into solid called?
Freezing
What is concentration?
The amount of a solute particles in a given volume of solvent.
