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Rangitoto test study > Chemistry revision > Flashcards

Chemistry revision Flashcards

1
Q

Define Matter

A

Matter is anything that has mass and takes up space.

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2
Q

State Particle Theory

A

The particle theory of matter states that all matter is composed of tiny particles.

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3
Q

What are the 7 properties of solids?

A
  1. Regular Arrangement
  2. Particles very close
  3. Particles can only vibrate
  4. Not fluid
  5. Fixed Volume
  6. Fixed Shape
  7. Cannot be compressed
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4
Q

What are the properties of a liquid?

A
  1. Somewhat random arrangement
  2. Particles somewhat close
  3. Particles can move around each
    other
  4. Fluid
  5. Fixed Volume
  6. Take Shape of bottom of
    container
  7. Cannot be compressed
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5
Q

What are the 7 properties of gases?

A
  1. Random Arrangement
  2. Particles far apart with space in
    between
  3. Particles can move around each
    other quickly
  4. Fluid
  5. No fixed Volume
  6. Take Shape of of container
  7. Can be compressed
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6
Q

Identify the state of matter of orange juice and justify using the properties of matter

A

Orange juice is a liquid because it has no fixed shape but has a fixed volume. It will flow when poured and take the shape of the container it is put in.

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7
Q

Identify the state of matter of air and justify using the properties of matter

A

Oxygen is a gas because it has no
fixed shape and no fixed volume. It will flow when poured and take the shape of the container it is put in.

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8
Q

Identify the state of matter of a ruler (at room temp) and justify using the properties of matter

A

A ruler is a solid because it has a fixed shape and a fixed volume. It doesn’t flow and cannot be poured.
It does not take the shape of the container it is put in.

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9
Q

Explain melting (key phrases in a paragraph)

A
  • Heat and kinetic energy is gained
  • Causes the particles to vibrate faster.
  • The space between the particles increases
  • Overcomes the attraction between particles.
  • Solid will melt and change into a liquid.
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10
Q

Explain freezing (key phrases in a paragraph)

A
  • Heat and kinetic energy is lost.
  • Causes the particles to move slower.
  • The space between the particles decreases
  • Attraction between particles becomes strong.
  • Liquid freezes and changes into a solid.
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11
Q

Explain evaporating (key phrases in a paragraph)

A
  • Heat and kinetic energy is gained
  • Causes the particles to move faster.
  • The space between the particles increases
  • Weakens, then overcomes the attraction between particles.
  • Liquid evaporates and changes into gas.
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12
Q

Explain Expansion (Key Phrases)

A
  • Heat and kinetic energy is gained
  • Causes particles to move faster
  • More space between particles
  • It expands
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13
Q

Explain Contraction

A
  • Heat and kinetic energy is lost
  • Causes particles to move slower
  • Less space between particles
  • It contracts
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14
Q

Define Density

A

Density is a measure of the number of particles per unit volume.

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15
Q

Unit for density

A

g/cm^3

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16
Q

Beryllium symbol

A

Be

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17
Q

Define Compound

A

A pure substance made up of two or more elements chemically joined together.

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18
Q

Fluorine symbol

A

F

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19
Q

Sodium symbol

A

Na

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20
Q

Phosphorus symbol

A

P

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21
Q

Define Element

A

A pure substance made up of only one type of atom.

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22
Q

Sulfur symbol

A

S

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23
Q

Potassium symbol

A

K

24
Q

What is a solvent?

A

The liquid that does the dissolving

25
Q

Copper symbol

A

Cu

26
Q

Iron symbol

A

Fe

27
Q

Mercury symbol

A

Hg

28
Q

What is a solute?

A

The solid that is dissolved in the solvent

29
Q

What is a solution?

A

A solvent with a solute in it

30
Q

What is a dilute solution?

A

A solution with a low number of solute particles dissolved in a given volume of solvent.

31
Q

What is a concentrated solution?

A

A solution with a high number of solute particles dissolved in a given volume of solvent.

32
Q

What is the outermost shell with electrons in it is called?

A

Valence shell

33
Q

What is a saturated solution?

A

A solution that cannot dissolve any more solute particles in the solvent.

34
Q

What charge does a proton have?

A

Positive

35
Q

What is the electron configuration of silicon?

A

2,8,4

36
Q

What charge does a neutron have?

A

Neutral

37
Q

What is a group?

A

A group is a column on the periodic table, the group of an element is linked to the number of valence electrons it has.

38
Q

What charge does an electron have?

A

Negative

39
Q

Where are neutrons and protons located in an atom?

A

In the nucleus

40
Q

What is filtration, and what does it separate?

A

Separation technique to separate an insoluble solid from a liquid – the small holes in the filter paper stop the solid going through, but let the water pass.

41
Q

What is a period?

A

A period is a row on the periodic table, an element is in is linked to the number of occupied shells an element has

42
Q

How do you calculate the number of neutrons?

A

Mass number - atomic number

43
Q

Explain why atoms are neutral overall.

A

[An element]’s atomic numeber is [n], meaning it has [n] protons and [n] electrons. Electrons have a negative charge, and protons a positive charge, so they cancel out. Neutrons have no charge, so [the element]’s has a neutral charge overall.

44
Q

What is a mixture?

A

A mixture is a substance made up of 2 or more types of substances that are not chemically joined

45
Q

What is a compound?

A

A compound is a substance made up of 2 or more types of atoms chemically joined

46
Q

What is chromatography, and what does it separate?

A

It uses the capillary action of water to separate different coloured pigments.

47
Q

What is evaporation, and what does it separate?

A

This is used to separate a solid that is
dissolved in water. Water evaporates, leaving the solid behind.

48
Q

What is distillation, and what does it separate?

A

This is used to separate two liquids with different boiling points that are mixed together.

49
Q

What is melting?

A

Solid to liquid

50
Q

What is a liquid turning into gas called?

A

Evaporation

51
Q

What is sublimation?

A

Solid to gas

52
Q

What is gas turning into solid called?

A

Reverse sublimation/deposition

53
Q

What is condensation?

A

Gas into liquid

54
Q

What is liquid turning into solid called?

A

Freezing

55
Q

What is concentration?

A

The amount of a solute particles in a given volume of solvent.

Rangitoto test study (9 decks)

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